{"id":521,"date":"2024-04-03T23:39:56","date_gmt":"2024-04-03T20:39:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/ewod\/hurt\/"},"modified":"2024-04-04T00:09:50","modified_gmt":"2024-04-03T21:09:50","slug":"hurt","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/ewod\/h\/hurt\/","title":{"rendered":"Jakob Hurt"},"content":{"rendered":"

\n\tPoems<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0\"Jakob<\/a><\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tNon-fiction<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/strong>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tAbout Jakob Hurt<\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

Jakob Hurt (22.\/10. VII 1839 \u2013 13. I 1907 \/ 31. XII 1906) was an Estonian folklore scholar, linguist, prelate and social activist \u2013 one of the leading figures of the national awakening period. He established the collecting of Estonian folklore and its scientific publication.<\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tHe was born in V\u00f5ru county, the son of a schoolmaster. He attended Himmaste village school and P\u00f5lva parish school, Tartu county school and the state gymnasium, and from 1859 to 1864 studied theology at the University of Tartu, graduating in 1865 as a Candidate in Theology. In 1886 he gained the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the University of Helsinki. In 1865-1866 he was a tutor at the home of A.T. von Middendorff at Hellenurme, from 1868 to 1872 he was a gymnasium teacher in Kuressaare and Tartu, from 1872 a pastor in Otep\u00e4\u00e4, from where he moved in 1880 St. Petersburg to become pastor of the Estonian Jaani (St. John) congregation. He retired in 1901 and died in St. Petersburg, and was buried at the Raadi cemetery in Tartu.<\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tHurt\u2019s participation in public life began in his university years with the Learned Estonian Society, where he edited almanacs, gave lectures and collected folklore. He was also active in the Vanemuine Society and gave a seminal speech at the first song festival in 1869. He was on the head committee of the Estonian Alexander School from 1870 to 1883, and from 1872 to 1881 chairman of the Society of Estonian Men of Letters representing the moderate stream of the national movement, coming into strong conflict with the more radical Carl Robert Jakobson and his faction. He campaigned for Estonian-language schools and the promotion of popular education. In the early eighteen-eighties he withdrew from public life and devoted himself to science.<\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tIn his younger days Hurt wrote a few almanac stories and poems, and also translated and adapted from German. As a philologist Hurt promoted a new orthography with his brochure L\u00fchikene \u00f5petus kirjutamisest parandatud viisi<\/em> (\u2018A Brief Lesson in Writing in an Improved Way\u2019, 1864), and published the studies Die estnischen Nomina auf \u2013ne purum<\/em> (doctoral dissertation, 1886, Helsinki) and Eesti s\u00f5nadest \u2013line l\u00f5puga<\/em> (\u2018Estonian Words Ending in \u2013line\u2019, 1903) and articles about place-names ending in \u2013ste, and about the particles ehk<\/em> and v\u00f5i<\/em>. He assisted Ferdinand Johann Wiedemann in compiling the Estonian-German dictionary and edited the second printing of it (1893). He introduced the history of the Estonian people with his Pildid isamaa s\u00fcndinud asjust<\/em> (\u2018Pictures of events from the Fatherland\u2019, 1879), which made much use of folklore.<\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tHurt\u2019s chief merit is the collecting of Estonian folklore and the commencement of its critical publication. He himself began collecting it as a schoolboy at P\u00f5lva and published local legends in a brochure Beitr\u00e4ge zur Kenntniss estnischer Sagen und Ueberlieferungen<\/em> (1863). He developed systematic folklore collecting at the Society of Estonian Men of Letters, where for the first time he engaged a large network of collaborators and voluntary correspondents, which was the initiation of the broader work of collection. In 1888 Hurt commenced a large new campaign of collecting, and in the press he announced a \u201cPaar palvid Eesti \u00e4rksamaile poegadele ja t\u00fctardele\u201d<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018\u201dA few requests to the cleverer sons and daughters of Estonia\u201d\u2018), in which he outlined the genres of folklore and the technique of collecting. He also propagated folklore collecting in almanacs and private letters. Through his collaborators (up to 1,400 individuals in Estonia and Estonian-inhabited parts of Russia) and the students who were dedicated to collecting work, Hurt assembled (together with the materials of Society of Estonian Men of Letters) 261,589 individual pieces of folklore (of all genres), altogether 122,317 pages, in addition to dialect material. Between 1888 and 1906 he published 155 extensive reports of folklore collecting in the press. The collection is stored in the department of Folklore of the Estonian Literary Museum.<\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tSetukeste laulud<\/em> (\u2018Songs of the Setu People\u2019, I-III, 1904-1907, Helsinki; songs of the Setu region, Vastseliina and R\u00e4pina) go under the general title Monumenta Estoniae antiquae<\/em>. Hurt\u2019s publications of folk-songs are systematized according to parish and type; the topographical-typological principle is also followed by later publications of Estonian folk-songs. Also worth mentioning is a presentation given by Hurt in 1896 at the tenth all-Russian archaeological congress in Riga about collecting Estonian folklore, as well as a work on Estonian folk religion, Eesti astronoomia<\/em> (\u2018Estonian Astronomy\u2019, 1899).<\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tHurt\u2019s work in collecting folklore earned him international attention for its extent and methodology even in his lifetime. Since 1992 Jakob Hurt\u2019s National Culture Award has been given. There are monuments to Jakob Hurt in P\u00f5lva and Tartu, and a bas-relief in Otep\u00e4\u00e4 church. Streets have been named after him in several Estonian towns and his image was on the Estonian 10-kroon banknote from 1992 to 2010.<\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tA. N. (Translated by C. M.)<\/span><\/span><\/em><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

Selected bibliography<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tBeitr\u00e4ge zur Kenntniss estnischer Sagen und Ueberlieferungen<\/strong>. (Aus dem Kirchspiel P\u00f6lwe). Dorpat: 1863, 30 lk.\u00a0
L\u00fchike \u00f5petus \u00f5igest kirjutamisest parandatud viisi<\/strong>. Tartu: \u00d5petatud Eesti Selts, 1864, 16 lk.\u00a0
Eesti Aleksandri-kool: \u00dcks t\u00e4htis kuulutus ja palwe k\u00f5igile Eestirahwale<\/strong>. Tartu:, 1871, 24 lk.
Vana kannel 1.-2. kogu: t\u00e4ieline kogu vanu Eesti rahvalauluzid<\/strong>. Tartu: C. Mattiesen, 1875-1886, 384 lk.\u00a0
Awalik kiri H. v. Samsoni herrale Aleksandri kooli p\u00e4rast<\/strong>. Tartu: 1877, 24 lk.
Pildid isamaa s\u00fcndinud asjust<\/strong>. Tartu: 1879, 170 lk.\u00a0
Die estnischen Nomina auf \u2013ne purum<\/strong>. Helsingfors:\u00a01886, 191 lk.
Eesti astronomia<\/strong>. K\u00f5ne Peterburi Eesti Jaanikoguduse Noortemeeste Seltsis 10. Jaan. 1899. Jurjev: Postimehe rmtkpl, 1899, 62 lk.
\u00dcber die Pleskauer Esten oder die sogenannten Setukesen<\/strong>. Helsingfors: 1904, 21 lk.
Elu walgus<\/strong>. Jutluseraamat k\u00f5ikide p\u00fchap\u00e4ewade ja suurte p\u00fchade tarbeks wabalt w\u00e4ljawalitud kirjatunnistuste \u00fcle. W\u00e4lja annud Dr. Jakob Hurt. Tallinn: A. Busch, 1907, 604 lk.
Jakob Hurda k\u00f5ned ja avalikud kirjad<\/strong>. Toimetanud Hans Kruus. Tartu: Eesti Kirjanduse Selts, 1939, 246 lk.
K\u00f5ned ja kirjad<\/strong>. Koostanud Mart Laar. Tallinn: Perioodika (Loomingu Raamatukogu), 1989, 94 lk.
Mida rahvam\u00e4lestustest pidada<\/strong>. Artiklite kogumik. \u00a0Koostanud \u00dclo Tedre. Tallinn: Eesti Raamat, 1989, 171 lk.\u00a0
Inemisest<\/strong>. Tallinn: Tartumaa Muuseum, 1990, 55 lk. [Faksiimiletr\u00fckk \u201cTarto Kalendrist\u201d.]
Looja ees<\/strong>. Koostanud Hando Runnel. Tartu: Ilmamaa, 2005, 463 lk. [K\u00f5ned ja kirjad. Sari \u2018Eesti m\u00f5ttelugu\u2019.]
Keelemees<\/strong>. Koostanud Jaak Peebo, Hando Runnel. Tartu: Ilmamaa, 2012, 375 lk. [Sari \u2018Eesti m\u00f5ttelugu\u2019.]<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tMonumenta Estoniae antiquae<\/em><\/strong>
Setukeste laulud. Pihkva-Eestlaste vanad rahvalaulud, \u00fches R\u00e4pin\u00e4 ja Vastseliina lauludega. Ezimene k\u00f6ide<\/strong>. Helsingi: Soome Kirjanduse Selts, 1904, XXXIX+736+88 lk.
Setukeste laulud. Pihkva-Eestlaste vanad rahvalaulud, \u00fches R\u00e4pin\u00e4 ja Vastseliina lauludega. T\u00f5ine k\u00f6ide<\/strong>. Helsingi: Soome Kirjanduse Selts, 1905, XXVII+710+168 lk.
Setukeste laulud. Pihkva-Eestlaste vanad rahvalaulud, \u00fches R\u00e4pin\u00e4 ja Vastseliina lauludega. Kolmas k\u00f6ide<\/strong>. Helsingi: Soome Kirjanduse Selts, 1907, IX+474+137 lk.<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tAbout Jakob Hurt<\/em><\/strong>
Jakob Hurt 150<\/strong>. Toimetuskolleegium: Heno Sarv jt. Eesti Rahva Muuseumi aastaraamat, nr 38. Tallinn: Valgus, 1990, 244 lk.\u00a0
Rudolf P\u00f5ldm\u00e4e,\u00a0Noor Jakob Hurt<\/strong>. Tallinn: Eesti Raamat, 1988, 140 lk.
Jakob Hurt 1839-1907<\/strong>. Koostanud Mart Laar, Rein Saukas, \u00dclo Tedre. Tallinn: Eesti Raamat, 1989, 350 lk.
Mart Laar, Raamat Jakob Hurdast<\/strong>. Tartu: Ilmamaa, 1995, 233 lk. [Monograafia.]<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u00a0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Poems\u00a0 Non-fiction About Jakob Hurt Jakob Hurt (22.\/10. VII 1839 \u2013 13. I 1907 \/ 31. XII 1906) was an Estonian folklore scholar, linguist, prelate and social activist \u2013 one of the leading figures of the national awakening period. He …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":43,"featured_media":0,"parent":599,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-521","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/ewod\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/521","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/ewod\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/ewod\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/ewod\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/43"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/ewod\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=521"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/ewod\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/521\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4562,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/ewod\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/521\/revisions\/4562"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/ewod\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/599"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/ewod\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=521"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}