{"id":434,"date":"2024-04-03T23:39:49","date_gmt":"2024-04-03T20:39:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/ewod\/kreutzwald\/"},"modified":"2024-09-27T11:53:15","modified_gmt":"2024-09-27T08:53:15","slug":"kreutzwald","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/ewod\/k\/kreutzwald\/","title":{"rendered":"Friedrich Reinhold Kreutzwald"},"content":{"rendered":"

Poems<\/span><\/strong><\/a>\"F.<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/h5>\n\n\n\n
\u2018Kalevipoeg\u2019<\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/span><\/h5>\n\n\n\n
Fairy tales<\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h5>\n\n\n\n
Non-fiction<\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/span><\/h5>\n\n\n\n
Stories<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n
About \u2018Kalevipoeg\u2019\u00a0and\u00a0F. R. Kreutzwald<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/span><\/h5>\n\n\n\n


Friedrich Reinhold Kreutzwald (26.\/14. XII 1803 \u2013 25.\/13 VIII 1882) was a poet, prose-writer and national enlightenment figure, adapter of folk poetry and creator of the national epic. His creation was of ground-breaking significance in the shaping of Estonian culture, and in the developing of the national consciousness, literature and literary language.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

He was born on the J\u00f5epere estate in Kadrina parish in Virumaa county. His grandfather was an overseer, his father an estate servant and cobbler, later keeper of the estate stores at Kaarli and estate manager at Ohulepa in Harjumaa county; his mother Ann was an estate servant, later a housewife. In 1815 the lord of the manor freed the family from serfdom. From 1815 to 1820 Kreutzwald attended the German-language primary school in Rakvere, and the Rakvere and Tallinn county schools. He sat the tutor\u2019s examination in 1823, and was a tutor in Tallinn and St. Petersburg. From 1826 to 1833 he studied medicine at Tartu University, and was a member of the \u201cEstonia\u201d academic fraternity. From 1833 he was the town doctor in V\u00f5ru for 44 years. On retirement in 1877 he settled in Tartu, where he died; he was buried in the Vana-Jaani cemetery.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kreutzwald became a central figure in the intellectual life of the National Awakening movement, becoming internationally known. He was an honorary member of the Estonian Learned Society from 1849, a corresponding member of the Finnish Literature Society from 1855, an external member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences from 1871. The Imperial Academy of Sciences in St. Petersburg honoured him with the Demidov Prize (of 720 roubles) for the half-completed Kalevipoeg<\/em> epic and for his folklore-collecting work. In 1870 he was elected an honorary member of the Estonian Alexander School head committee. Monuments to him have been erected in V\u00f5ru (1926, by A. Adamson), Rakvere (1937, by A. Eller), Tartu (1952, by M. Saks and J. Hirv), Tallinn (1958, by E. Taniloo and M. Saks), at J\u00f5epere in Kadrina (1953, by J. Raudsepp), and a memorial stone at Kaarli (1968). His name is borne by the Kreutzwald School on V\u00f5ru, and streets in nine towns. A museum is located at his home in V\u00f5ru (since 1941).<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kreutzwald began to throw light on local events and on folk customs in the Tartu weekly Das Inland (particularly from 1837 to 1843); his critical standpoint aroused anger among the nobility and brought him into conflict with the authorities. After the foundation of the Learned Estonian Society in 1838 he began his diverse work as a chapbook writer. His temperance-themed story Wina-katk<\/em> (\u2018The Plague of Vodka\u2019, 1840) was modelled on the Swiss H.D. Zschokke\u2019s Brannteweinpest<\/em>. In the Learned Society\u2019s almanac (edited by Faehlmann) he published the didactic collection Sippelgas<\/em> I (\u2018The Ant\u2019, 1843); the sentimental little book Wagga Jenowewa ajalik elloaeg<\/em> (\u2018The Temporal Life of Pious Jenowewa\u2019, 1842, after G. O. Marbach) ran to several reprintings. He edited the Ma-Rahwa Kassuline Kalender<\/em> (\u2018Country People\u2019s Useful Almanac\u2019, 1846-1861, 1865-1874), where he also published verses and the majority of his stories: \u00dcks \u00f6\u00f6-pilt<\/em> (\u2018A Night Picture\u2019, 1853), Videvik<\/em> (\u2018Dusk\u2019, 1854), P\u00f5llumees ja ammetmees<\/em> (\u2018The Farmer and the Clerk\u2019, 1858), Tuisulased<\/em> (\u2018The Hotheads\u2019, 1859), Mihkel P\u00f5llulapp<\/em> (1865-1873), Uus koolmeister<\/em> (\u2018The New Schoolmaster\u2019, 1874). He often used satire and allegory to combat reactionary and stupid attitudes. Popular for decades were such works as Reino-wadder Rebbane<\/em> (\u2018Reynard the Fox\u2019, 1848-1851, after Goethe\u2019s Reineke Fuchs<\/em>) and Kilplaste imev\u00e4rklikud jutud ja teud<\/em> (\u2018Marvellous Tales and Adventures of the Gothamites\u2019, 1857, after Marbach\u2019s Schildb\u00fcrger<\/em> chapbook). The little book Paar sammokest r\u00e4ndamise-teed<\/em> (\u2018A Few Steps on a Pilgrimage\u2019, 1853, after Jean Paul), was influenced by mourning for his daughter, who died young. A striking example of his popular enlightenment work was the popular-science publication Ma-ilm ja m\u00f5nda, mis seal sees leida on<\/em> (\u2018The World and Some of What is to be Found in it\u2019, 1848-1849), followed by the instalments of Maa- ja Mere-pildid<\/em> (\u2018Pictures of land and sea\u2019, 1850-1861, 1882), Ristis\u00f5itjad<\/em> (\u2018The Crusaders\u2019, 1851), L\u00fchhikenne \u00f5ppetus terwisse hoidmissest<\/em> (\u2018A Brief Lesson in Health Care\u2019, 1854), Sippelgas<\/em> II (1861) and the medical manual Kodutohter<\/em> (\u2018The Home Doctor\u2019, 1879).<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As a storyteller Kreutzwald developed the vernacular style with both narratives heard from the mouths of the people and motifs taken from German fairytales or elsewhere, creating aesthetically charming works of verbal art. His second great work, Eestirahva Ennemuistesed jutud<\/em> (\u2018Ancient Tales of the Estonian People\u2019) is a seminal work in the development of both Estonian literature and the mind-set of the Estonians. Characteristic titles are Kullaketrajad<\/em> (\u2018The Gold-spinners\u2019), Kuuvalgel vihtlejad neitsid<\/em> (\u2018Maidens Whisking Twigs by Moonlight\u2019), Vaeslapse k\u00e4sikivi<\/em> (\u2018The Poor Child\u2019s Quern\u2019), Puulane ja Tohtlane<\/em> (\u2018Woody and Barky\u2019), Udum\u00e4e kuningas<\/em> (\u2018The King of Fog Hill\u2019), Paristaja-poeg<\/em> (\u2018The Dickerer\u2019), Pikse pill<\/em> (\u2018The Lightning Instrument\u2019), Tark mees taskus<\/em> (\u2018A Wise Man in the Pocket\u2019), P\u00f5hja konn<\/em> (\u2018The Frog of the North\u2019), Julge rehepapp<\/em> (\u2018The Bold Old Barny\u2019), Pilli-Tiidu<\/em> (\u2018Tiidu the player\u2019). Essentially the tales were created in the eighteen-fifties, but the entire work \u2013 43 folk tales and 18 legends \u2013 was a publication of the Finnish Literature Society (1866). Kreutzwald\u2019s tales have been extensively translated.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As a poet the young Kreutzwald merged with the fashionable German ballad tradition; of his earliest manuscripts, in 1846 he published in Das Inland<\/em> a ballad in German, \u2018The siege of Beverin in 1207\u2019 (Die Belagerung von Beverin im Jahre 1207<\/em>).\u00a0 In 1851 he published an adaptation of Gottfried B\u00fcrger\u2019s best-seller, Lenora: \u00fcks kulus muistne laulu-jut<\/em> (\u2018Lenora: a Famous Ancient Ballad\u2019), which proved a great success in Estonia as well (over 7,000 copies, legal and pirated). The longer poem in runic verse, S\u00f5da<\/em> (\u2018The War\u2019) appeared in 1854. His major collection of verse, Viru lauliku laulud<\/em> (\u2018Songs of the Bard of Viru\u2019, 1865) consists primarily of Estonian versions of Schiller, Goethe, Lenau, Uhland, Hauff, Freligrath and other poets, which had an influence on the development of lyric poetry in Estonian. Later he translated poems by Heine, lyrics of the Rationalist faith, and two verse tragedies. From 1870 until the end of his life he composed the lengthy epistemological poem Lembitu<\/em>, on the model of the Swiss J. V. Widmann\u2019s Buddha<\/em> (it appeared posthumously in Helsinki in 1885).<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kreutzwald collected, compiled, published and publicized in scientific journals the folk-songs of Estonia, which he saw as the foundation of the national culture. His greatest achievement is the composition of the national epic Kalevipoeg<\/em> from folklore materials. The idea for it was initiated by his friend Faehlmann, after whose death in 1850 he took the collaborator\u2019s task on himself. Instead of prose, however, he decided to use alliterative four-footed trochaic verse metre, which is not quantitative as in the Kalevala<\/em>, but accentual-syllabic. The result is a modern lyro-dramatical-epical authorial epic, with a fictional core and strongly based on folklore. The initial edition of the epic was completed in 1853, but did not get into print because of censorship. The author revised it thoroughly, and the great work, consisting of 20 sections, appeared between 1857 and 1861 in instalments, under the editorship of the Learned Society, with a German translation. The Estonian popular edition was printed in 1862 in Kuopio, Finland. Kalevipoeg<\/em> became the creative core text of the national spirit, whose patriotic power carried forward the National Awakening, also inspiring successive ages. The ideals of the epic have been applied in politics; under its influence a voluminous literature has been spawned, as well as musical and pictorial art works, but also humorous parodies. The national epic has become one of the most important representatives of Estonian culture in the world; it has been translated in its entirety into 13 languages.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

A. M. (Translated by C. M.)<\/em><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The<\/span> Kreutzwaldi sajand<\/a> <\/span><\/strong>(\u2018The Kreutzwald Century\u2019) page by Estonian Literary Museum (in Estonian).<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selected bibliography<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018Kalevipoeg\u2019<\/em><\/strong><\/span>
[s. n.],<\/em> Kalewipoeg, eine Estnische Sage<\/strong>. Verhandlungen der Gelehrten Estnischen Gesellschaft zu Dorpat, Bd. 4, H. 1-4; Bd. 5, H. 1-2\/3. Dorpat: Heinrich Laakmann, 1857-1861, XVI+166 lk (Bd. 4, H. 1), 145 lk (Bd. 4, H. 2), 735 lk (Bd. 4, H. 3; Bd. 4, H. 4; Bd. 5, H. 1; Bd. 5, H. 2\/3). [Eesti ja saksa keeles. K\u00e4ttesaadav: http:\/\/www.digar.ee\/arhiiv\/nlib-digar:184775<\/a>.]
[s. n.], Kalewi poeg<\/strong>: \u00dcks ennemuistene Eesti jut: Kahesk\u00fcmnes laulus. [V\u00f5ru: F. R. Kreutzwald], 1862, 254 lk. [2. tr\u00fckk, esimene rahvav\u00e4ljaanne. Tr\u00fckitud Soomes Kuopios. K\u00e4ttesaadav:http:\/\/www.digar.ee\/arhiiv\/nlib-digar:184776.]
Kalewi poeg<\/strong>: \u00dcks ennemuistene Eesti jut: Kahesk\u00fcmnes laulus. Tartu: Schnakenburg, 1876, 232 lk. [3. tr\u00fckk.]
Kalevipoeg. 1-2<\/strong>. Tekstikriitiline v\u00e4ljaanne \u00fches kommentaaride ja muude lisadega. Toimetuskolleegium: Paul Ariste (peatoimetaja) jt. Eess\u00f5na: August Annist. Eesti NSV Teaduste Akadeemia, Keele ja Kirjanduse Instituut. Tallinn: Eesti Riiklik Kirjastus, 1961-1963, 512+516 lk + kaart.
Kalevipoeg<\/strong>: \u00fcks ennemuistne jutt kahek\u00fcmnes laulus. J\u00e4rels\u00f5nad: Sirje Endre, Sirje Helme, Andres Tali. Andres Tali illustratsioonid ja kujundus. Tallinn: SE & JS, 2009, 335 lk. [19. tr\u00fckk.]<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Poems<\/em><\/strong>
Lenora<\/strong>: \u00fcks kulus muistene laulu-jut. Tartu: H. Laakmann, 1861, 14 lk [G. B\u00fcrgeri j\u00e4rgi F. R. Kreutzwald. 2 tr\u00fckk: Tartu: H. Laakmann, 1865, 13 lk.]
S\u00f6da: Wiru wana lauliku kenam Kandle-lugu: Eesti-s\u00f6bradele<\/strong>. Tartu: H. Laakmann, 1854, 24 lk. [K\u00e4ttesaadav: http:\/\/dspace.ut.ee\/handle\/10062\/2768<\/a>.]
Angerwaksad<\/strong>. \u00dcks laulu-krantsikene, mis Wiru-laulik w\u00e4ljaannud. Tartu, 1861, 16 lk. [K\u00e4ttesaadav: https:\/\/utlib.ut.ee\/eeva\/index.php?lang=et&do=tekst&tid=37<\/a>.]
Viru lauliku laulud<\/strong>. Kokkupannud ja v\u00e4ljaannud F.R. Kreutzwald. Tartu: H. Laakmann, 1865, 117 lk. [K\u00e4ttesaadav: http:\/\/www.digar.ee\/arhiiv\/nlib-digar:104166<\/a>. 2. tr\u00fckk:\u00a0 redigeerinud J. Johanson-Jaanson ja Gustav Suits, Tartu: Eesti Kirjanduse Selts, 1926, IX+137 lk; 3. tr\u00fckk: j\u00e4rels\u00f5na: Nigol Andresen, Tallinn: Ilukirjandus ja Kunst, 1946, 172 lk.]
Rahunurme lilled p\u00e4\u00e4wa t\u00f6\u00f6 ja palawuse jahutuseks<\/strong>. W\u00e4ljaannud [J. H. Witscheli j\u00e4rgi] Fr. R. Kreutzwald. Tartu: H. Laakmann, 1871, 130 lk.
Rahunurme lilled p\u00e4\u00e4wa t\u00f6\u00f6 ja palawuse jahutuseks. 2. jagu<\/strong>. W\u00e4ljaannud [J. H. W. Witscheli j\u00e4rgi] Fr. R. Kreutzwald. Tartu: G. Rosenberg, 1875, 84 lk.
Lembitu<\/strong>: Eesti muistep\u00f5lwe m\u00e4lestustest kaswanud luuletus. Puhkama l\u00e4inud lauliku Friedrich Reinhold Kreutzwaldi j\u00e4rel j\u00e4etud paberitest w\u00e4lja antud. Tartu: G. Blumberg, 1885, 134 lk. [K\u00e4ttesaadav: http:\/\/dspace.ut.ee\/handle\/10062\/2403<\/a>. 2. tr\u00fckk: Lembitu: Kreutzwaldi usulis-filosoofiline maailmavaade: Friedrich Reinhold Kreutzwald 200, koostanud Urmas Sutrop, Eesti Keele Instituut, Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus, 2003, 541 lk.]<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Stories and fairy tales<\/em><\/strong>
Wagga Jenowewa ajalik elloaeg<\/strong>. Tartu: H. Laakmann, 68 lk.
Sippelgas. Essimenne j\u00e4ggo<\/strong>. W\u00e4lja antud Maarahwa kele ja kirja koggoduse polest. Tartu: H. Laakmann, 1843, 50 lk. [K\u00e4ttesaadav: http:\/\/www.digar.ee\/arhiiv\/nlib-digar:184778<\/a>.]
Reinowadder Rebbane<\/strong>: \u00dcks ennemuistene jut. 10 kena pildikujjudega. Tartu: H. Laakmann, 1850, 141 lk. [K\u00e4ttesaadav: http:\/\/www.digar.ee\/arhiiv\/nlib-digar:100236<\/a>.]
Risti-s\u00f6itjad<\/strong>: \u00dcks t\u00f6ssine jut neist p\u00fchha aua r\u00e4ndajaist, kes \u00fchheteistk\u00fcmnema aasta saal p\u00e4rrast Jesuse Kristuse s\u00fcndimist akkasiwad p\u00fc\u00fcdma Jerusalemma linna Turgi rahwa k\u00e4est \u00e4rraw\u00f6ita. Tartu: H. Laakmann, 1851, 79 lk.
Paar sammokest r\u00e4ndamise-teed<\/strong>: \u00fcks elo-puu k\u00fcllest nopitud m\u00e4lestuse-leht. Tartu: H. Laakmann, 1853, 47 lk. [Jean Paul\u2019i j\u00e4rgi Friedrich Reinhold Kreutzwald.]
Kilplaste imew\u00e4rklikud, w\u00e4ga kentsakad, maa-ilmas kuulmata ja t\u00e4nnini weel \u00fcleskirjutamata jutud ja teud<\/strong>: Kalkuni keelest Maakeele t\u00f5lgitud ja meie k\u00fclade komblikuks m\u00f5nes t\u00fckis \u00fcmbersolgitud. Tartu: [s.n.], 1857, 111 lk. [G. O. Marbachi j\u00e4rgi F. R. Kreutzwald.]
Eesti-rahwa Ennemuistsed jutud ja wanad laulud, noore p\u00f5lwe m\u00e4lestuseks korjatud ja kirja pandud. Esimene J\u00e4gu<\/strong>. Tallinn: [s.n.], 1860, 32 lk.
Eesti-rahwa Ennemuistsed jutud ja wanad laulud, noore p\u00f5lwele m\u00e4lestuseks korjatud ja kirja pandud. Teine J\u00e4gu<\/strong>. Tartu: H. Laakmann, 1864, 60 lk.
Eesti-rahwa Ennemuistsed jutud ja wanad laulud, noore p\u00f5lwele m\u00e4lestuseks korjatud ja kirja pandud. Kolmas J\u00e4gu<\/strong>. Tartu: H. Laakmann, 1865, 51 lk.
Eestirahwa Ennemuistesed jutud<\/strong>. Rahwa suust korjanud ja \u00fcleskirjutanud Fr. R. Kreutzwald. Helsingi: Soome Kirjanduse Selts, 1866, XI+368 lk. [K\u00e4ttesaadav: http:\/\/dspace.ut.ee\/handle\/10062\/14678<\/a>.]
Ehstnische M\u00e4rchen<\/strong>. Aufgezeichnet von Friedrich Kreutzwald; aus dem Ehstnischen \u00fcbersetzt von F. L\u00f6we, ehem. Bibliothekar a. d. Petersb. Akad. d. Wissenschaften; Vorwort v. A. Schiefner. Halle: Buchhandlung des Waisenhauses, 1869, VIII+365 pp. [K\u00e4ttesaadav: http:\/\/reader.digitale-sammlungen.de\/resolve\/display\/bsb11016684.html<\/a>.]
Estnische M\u00e4rchen. 2. H\u00e4lfte<\/strong>. Aufgezeichnet von Friedrich Kreutzwald; aus dem Estnischen \u00fcbersetzt von F. L\u00f6we, ehem. Bibliothekar a. d. Petersb. Akademie der Wissenschaften, corresp. Mitglied der gelehrten estnischen Gesellschaft zu Dorpat. Dorpat: C. Mattiesen, 1881, IV+178 pp. [K\u00e4ttesaadav: http:\/\/dspace.ut.ee\/handle\/10062\/14646<\/a>.]<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Plays<\/em><\/strong>
Tuletorn: \u00dcks kurblik n\u00e4item\u00e4ng, kahes vaatuses<\/strong>. V\u00e4ljaannud F.R. Kreutzwald [C.E. v. Houwaldi j\u00e4rgi]. Tartu: W. Gl\u00e4ser, 1871, 72 lk.
Wanne ja \u00f5nnistus: Kurblik n\u00e4item\u00e4ng kahes waatuses<\/strong>. V\u00e4ljaannud [C.E.v. Houwaldi j\u00e4rgi] Fr.R. Kreutzwald. Tartu: Schnakenburg, 1875, 54 lk.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Non-fiction<\/em><\/strong>
Wina katk<\/strong>: \u00dcks t\u00e4hhele pannemise w\u00e4\u00e4rt jut, mis wanna ja noore rahwale juhhatusseks ja kassuks w\u00e4lja on antud. Tartu: Lindforsi p\u00e4rijad, 1840, 69 lk. [K\u00e4ttesaadav: http:\/\/www.digar.ee\/arhiiv\/nlib-digar:100020<\/a>.]
Ue aasta sowimine<\/strong>: \u00dcks ande kassinuse (parra-usse) s\u00f6bradele. Tartu: H. Laakmann, 1843, 12 lk.
Ma-ilm ja m\u00f5nda, mis seal sees leida on<\/strong>: tullosaks ja \u00f6ppetlikuks aeawiteks Ma-rahwale. I\u2013IV. Tartu: H. Laakmann, 1848-1849. [Kommenteeritud faksiimiletr\u00fckk, 160+14 lk, p\u00fchendatud Fr. R. Kreutzwaldi 200. s\u00fcnniaastap\u00e4evale: http:\/\/www.digar.ee\/arhiiv\/nlib-digar:222<\/a>.]
Ma- ja Merre-piltid<\/strong>: \u00dcks luggemise ramat nore rahwale. [1. jagu], Ehk imelikud luggud l\u00f5une-pool Ahwrikas. [A. F. F. Hoffmanni j\u00e4rgi Friedrich Reinhold Kreutzwald.] Tartu: H. Laakmann, 1850, 202 lk.
Dr. Friedrich Robert F\u00e4hlmann\u2019s Leben<\/strong>. Dorpat: Sch\u00fcnmann\u2019s Wittwe und C. Mattiesen, 1852, 49 lk. [K\u00e4ttesaadav: http:\/\/dspace.ut.ee\/handle\/10062\/49622<\/a>.]
Teejuhhataja \u00c4mma-kooliliste \u00f5ppetuse jures = Leitfaden zum Unterricht der Hebammen-Sch\u00fclerinnen im Livl\u00e4ndischen Gouvernerment<\/strong>. [C. E. Brutzeri j\u00e4rgi F. R. Kreutzwald.] Riga: Livl\u00e4ndische Ritterschaft, 1852, VII+80 lk.
Tarto Alma maaterile Wiek\u00fcmne aasta l\u00f5petuse r\u00f5emu-p\u00fchal sel 12. Deetsembril 1852<\/strong>. Annab t\u00e4no ja soovib \u00f5nne Eesti tarkade koguduse nimel Fr. Kreutzwald. T\u00f5lkinud J. [Caplic]k. Tartu: [Fr. Kreutzwald], 1853, 5 lk.
L\u00fchhikenne \u00f6ppetus terwisse hoidmissest<\/strong>. Tartu: H. Laakmann, 1854, 56 lk.
H\u00e4da- ja abi-raamatukene, ehk Lahearu k\u00fcla \u00f5petlik R\u00f6\u00f6mu ja kurwastuse juttustus. Esimene Jagu<\/strong>. [R. Z. Beckeri j\u00e4rgi Fr. R. Kreutzwald.] Tartu: H. Laakmann, 1862, 122 lk.
Uus Tallinna maa-keele ABD ja lugemise raamat lastele<\/strong>. Tartu: H. Laakmann, 1863, 16 lk. [K\u00e4ttesaadav: http:\/\/hdl.handle.net\/10062\/2678<\/a>.]
L\u00fchikene seletus Kalevipoja laulude sisust<\/strong>. V\u00e4ljaannud Fr. R. Kreutzwald. Tartu: H. Laakmann, 1869, 58 lk. [K\u00e4ttesaadav: http:\/\/hdl.handle.net\/10062\/2765<\/a>.]
Kodutohter<\/strong>: \u00d5petus, kuda haigetega peab \u00fcmber k\u00e4idama ja neile arsti abi puudusel kergitust tehtama. Kirja pannud F. R. Kreutzwald. Jurjev: Schnakenburg, 1879, 179 lk.
Tartu Eesti P\u00f5llumeeste Seltsi teretus Keiserliku Majesteedi Aleksander II 25 valitsuse aasta juubeli p\u00e4eval 19. Veebruaril 1880<\/strong>. Tartu: [s.n.], 1880, 8 lk.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Editions<\/em><\/strong>
Ma-rahwa kassuline Kalender ehk T\u00e4ht-ramat<\/strong>. [K\u00e4ttesaadav: http:\/\/www2.kirmus.ee\/grafo\/index.php?gid=24<\/a>. Kreutzwald oli toimetaja 1846\u20131861, 1865\u20131874.]
Mythische und magische Lieder der Ehsten<\/strong>. Gesammelt und herausgegeben von Fr. Kreutzwald und H. Neus; Vorrede von A. Schiefner. St. Petersburg: Zu haben bei Eggers et Comp., 1854, VIII+132 lk. [K\u00e4ttesaadav: https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/mythischeundmag00neusgoog<\/a>.]<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Correspondence<\/em><\/strong>
Faehlmanni ja Kreutzwaldi kirjavahetus<\/strong>. Toimetanud M. Lepik. Tartu: \u00d5petatud Eesti Selts, 1936, XIII+217 lk. [K\u00e4ttesaadav: http:\/\/www.etera.ee\/s\/O42eOZpPt8<\/a>.]
Fr. R. Kreutzwaldi ja A. Schiefneri kirjavahetus: 1853-1879<\/strong>. Toimetuskolleegium: Ea Jansen jt. Eesti NSV Teaduste Akadeemia, Kirjandusmuuseum. Tallinn: Eesti Riiklik Kirjastus, 1953, 544 lk.
Kirjad A. H. Neusile, E. Sachssendahlile ja teistele: 1847-1866<\/strong>. Toimetuskolleegium: E. Ertis jt. Eesti NSV Teaduste Akadeemia, Fr. R. Kreutzwaldi nim. Kirjandusmuuseum. Tallinn: Eesti Riiklik Kirjastus, 1956, 611 lk.
Kirjad G. Schultz-Bertramile ja teistele: 1859-1874<\/strong>. Toimetanud ja eess\u00f5na: M. Lepik. Eesti NSV Teaduste Akadeemia, Fr. R. Kreutzwaldi nim. Kirjandusmuuseum. Tallinn: Eesti Riiklik Kirjastus, 1959, 446 lk.
Fr. R. Kreutzwaldi ja L. Koidula kirjavahetus 1867-1873<\/strong>. Toimetuse kolleegium: E. Ertis jt. Eesti NSV Teaduste Akadeemia Fr. R. Kreutzwaldi nimeline Kirjandusmuuseum. Tallinn: Eesti Riiklik Kirjastus, 1962, 548 lk. [K\u00e4ttesaadav: http:\/\/www.digar.ee\/arhiiv\/nlib-digar:328560<\/a>.]
Kirjad Fr. R. Faehlmannile, D. H. J\u00fcrgensonile ja teistele: 1833-1866<\/strong>. Koostanud E. Aaver, A. Nagelmaa, L. Raud; toimetuskolleegium: E. Ertis, R. P\u00f5ldm\u00e4e, A. Vinkel. Eesti NSV Teaduste Akadeemia Fr. R. Kreutzwaldi nim. Kirjandusmuuseum. Tallinn: Eesti Raamat, 1976, 628 lk.
Kirjad J. Hurdale, J. K\u00f6lerile, C. R. Jakobsonile ja teistele: 1862-1882<\/strong>. Koostanud [ja] eess\u00f5na: Eva Aaver, H. Laanekask, A. Nagelmaa; toimetuskolleegium: Eduard Ertis jt. Tallinn: Eesti Raamat, 1979, 711 lk.
St. Petersburg und Livland \u2013 und die Entwicklung der estnischen Literatur: Anton Schiefner (1817-1879) und Friedrich R. Kreutzwald (1803-1882) im Briefwechsel (1853-1879)<\/strong>. Bearbeitet von Hartmut Walravens. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 2013, 396 lk.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selected works \u2013 \u2018Teosed\u2019, 1953<\/em><\/strong>
Maailm ja m\u00f5nda<\/strong>. Toimetuskolleegium: K. Taev (vastutav toimetaja) jt. Tallinn: Eesti Riiklik Kirjastus, 1953, 496 lk.
Eesti rahva ennemuistsed jutud<\/strong>. Toimetuskolleegium: K. Taev (vastutav toimetaja) jt, j\u00e4rels\u00f5na: H. Niit, illustreerinud G. Reindorff. Tallinn: Eesti Riiklik Kirjastus, 1953, 499 lk.
Kalevipoeg<\/strong>. J\u00e4rels\u00f5na: E. Laugaste; illustreerinud A. Hoidre, O. Kangilaski, R. Sagrits. Tallinn: Eesti Riiklik Kirjastus, 1953, 435 lk.
Laulud<\/strong>. Toimetuskolleegium: K. Taev (vastutav toimetaja) jt, eess\u00f5na: E. Nirk. Tallinn: Eesti Riiklik Kirjastus, 1953, 356 lk.
Jutud<\/strong>. Toimetuskolleegium: K. Taev (vastutav toimetaja) jt, j\u00e4rels\u00f5na: H. Niit; illustreerinud Ilmar Linnat. Tallinn: Eesti Riiklik Kirjastus, 1953, 600 lk. [Sisu: \u2018Viina katk\u2019, \u2018Narrilased\u2019, \u2018Reinuvader Rebane\u2019, \u2018\u00dcks \u00f6\u00f6pilt\u2019, \u2018Paar sammukest r\u00e4ndamise teed\u2019, \u2018Videvik\u2019, \u2018Kilplased\u2019, \u2018P\u00f5llumees ja ametmees\u2019, \u2018Tuisulased\u2019, \u2018Mihkel P\u00f5llupapp\u2019, \u2018Uus koolmeister\u2019.]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

About Kreutzwald<\/em><\/strong>
Aug. Anni, F. R. Kreutzwaldi \u201cKalevipoeg\u201d. I osa, Kalevipoeg eesti rahvaluules<\/strong>: mit einem Referat = F. R. Kreutzwalds \u201cKalevipoeg\u201d. I Teil, Kalevipoeg in den Estnischen Volks\u00fcberlieferungen. Tartu: Eesti Kirjanduse Selts, 1934, XV+250 lk.
Aug. Annist (Anni), F. R. Kreutzwaldi \u201cKalevipoeg\u201d. II osa, \u201cKalevipoja\u201d saamislugu<\/strong>: mit einem Referat = F. R. Kreutzwalds \u201cKalevipoeg\u201d. Zweiter Teil, Die Entstehungsgeschichte des \u201cKalevipoeg\u201d. Tartu: Eesti Kirjanduse Selts, 1936, VII+241 lk.
August Annist, F. R. Kreutzwaldi \u201cPaari sammokese\u201d algup\u00e4ra<\/strong>: mit einem Referat: Die Entstehungsgeschichte von F. R. Kreutzwalds \u201cPaar sammokest\u201d. Tartu: [s.n.], 1936, 49 lk.
Aug. Annist, F. R. Kreutzwaldi Kalevipoeg. III osa, \u201cKalevipoeg\u201d kui kunstiteos<\/strong>. A (1. anne): mit einem Referat = F. R. Kreutzwalds \u201cKalevipoeg\u201d. III. Teil. A (1. Lieferung), \u201cKalevipoeg\u201d als Kunstwerk. Tartu: [s.n.], 1944, 137 lk.
August Annist, Friedrich Reinhold Kreutzwaldi muinasjuttude algup\u00e4ra ja kunstiline laad<\/strong>. Eesti NSV Teaduste Akadeemia Keele ja Kirjanduse Instituut. Tallinn: Eesti Raamat, 1966, 451 lk.
Endel Nirk, Kreutzwald ja eesti rahvusliku kirjanduse algus: monograafia<\/strong>. Tallinn: Eesti Raamat, 1968, 547 lk.
Felix J. Oinas, Kalevipoeg k\u00fctkeis ja muid esseid rahvaluulest, m\u00fctoloogiast ja kirjandusest<\/strong>. Studia Estonica, Fennica, Baltica, 1. Alexandria (Virginia): Mana, 1979, 248 lk.
Gustav Suits, Noor Kreutzwald: Friedrich Reinhold Kreutzwaldi arengulugu<\/strong>. Eess\u00f5na: Bernard Kangro; kaas ja osa illustratsioone: Kristjan Raud. Lund: Eesti Kirjanike Koopeartiiv, 1983, 215 lk. [2. tr\u00fckk: Tallinn: Perioodika (Loomingu Raamatukogu), 1984, 111 lk.]
Felix Oinas, Surematu Kalevipoeg<\/strong>. J\u00e4rels\u00f5na: Jaan Undusk. Tallinn: Keel ja Kirjandus, 1994, 181 lk. [Esseed.]
Heino Gustavson, Friedrich Reinhold Kreutzwald arstina V\u00f5rus<\/strong>. Tallinn: Eesti Tervishoiu Muuseum, 1995, 18 lk.
Uurimusi Kalevipojast<\/strong>. Koostanud Eesti Kirjandusmuuseumi folkloristika osakond. Tartu: Eesti Kirjandusmuuseum, 2004, http:\/\/www.folklore.ee\/rl\/folkte\/myte\/kalev2\/<\/a>.
August Annist, Friedrich Reinhold Kreutzwaldi \u201cKalevipoeg\u201d<\/strong>. Toimetanud ja eess\u00f5na: \u00dclo Tedre. Eesti Kirjandusmuuseum. Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus, 2005, 909 lk.
Cornelius Hasselblatt, Kalevipoeg Studies: The Creation and Reception of an Epic<\/strong>. Studia Fennica Folkloristica, 21.\u00a0 Helsinki: Finnish Literature Society, 2016, 144 lk.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Poems \u2018Kalevipoeg\u2019 Fairy tales Non-fiction Stories About \u2018Kalevipoeg\u2019\u00a0and\u00a0F. R. Kreutzwald Friedrich Reinhold Kreutzwald (26.\/14. XII 1803 \u2013 25.\/13 VIII 1882) was a poet, prose-writer and national enlightenment figure, adapter of folk poetry and creator of the national epic. His creation …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":43,"featured_media":0,"parent":498,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-434","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/ewod\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/434","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/ewod\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/ewod\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/ewod\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/43"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/ewod\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=434"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/ewod\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/434\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5580,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/ewod\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/434\/revisions\/5580"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/ewod\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/498"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/ewod\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=434"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}