{"id":407,"date":"2024-04-03T23:39:47","date_gmt":"2024-04-03T20:39:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/ewod\/linde\/"},"modified":"2024-04-04T00:10:08","modified_gmt":"2024-04-03T21:10:08","slug":"linde","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/ewod\/l\/linde\/","title":{"rendered":"Bernhard Linde"},"content":{"rendered":"

\n\t\"Bernhard<\/a><\/p>\n

Bernhard Linde (4 IV 1886 \u2013 23 VII 1954) was a columnist, critic, prose writer, translator and publisher, one of the central figures of the Young Estonia grouping of writers. <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tLinde was born in J\u00e4rvakandi parish in Harju County as the son of a farmer. He attended Lelle and J\u00e4rvakandi primary schools, P\u00e4rnu gymnasium and, from 1903\u20131908, Hugo Treffner Gymnasium in Tartu. From 1908\u20131915, he studied at the University of Tartu where continued his studies after a long break in 1925. In 1927, he graduated from the University of Tartu specialising in Slavic languages.<\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tLinde made a name for himself early as an editor, journalist and participant in Estonian literary life. He was one of the founding members of the Noor-Eesti (\u2018Young Estonia\u2019) grouping and had a managerial role there. He took care of monetary matters and correspondence and represented the grouping when its leading figures like Gustav Suits and Friedebert Tuglas were abroad or underground.<\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tIn 1907\u20131909, Linde was a member of the editorial office of the journal Eesti Kirjandus<\/em> (\u2018Estonian Literature\u2019), in 1910\u20131911, editorial secretary of the journal Noor-Eesti<\/em> (\u2018Young Estonia\u2019), in 1912\u20131915, manager of the Noor-Eesti publishing house and, in 1914\u20131915, publisher in charge of the journal Vaba S\u00f5na<\/em> (\u2018Free Word\u2019). During the First World War, he worked as an official of the tsarist army in Minsk and Vilnius governorates; in 1918\u20131919, stayed at the Estonian settlements in Siberia and the Far East and returned to Estonia in 1919. In 1919, he established the publishing house Varrak and was the chairman of its board and managing director until its bankruptcy in 1924. In 1925, Linde founded a new publishing house called Varak. In 1921\u20131922, he was chairman of the Drama Studio Society.<\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tLinde travelled a lot in the 1920s and 1930s, mainly in Eastern Europe, acquainting himself with the cultural life of the countries speaking Slavic languages and popularising Estonian literature there. In the years of the German occupation, 1941\u20131944, he stayed on his father\u2019s farm in the country. After the Second World War, Linde worked as a lecturer at Tallinn University of Technology for five years. In 1951, he was imprisoned because of ideological accusations. He spent three years in the prison camps of Narva and Vasalemma, was released in 1954 being terminally ill and died in Tallinn shortly afterwards.<\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tThe attitude to Linde\u2019s literary creation, which includes short prose and some poetry, is mostly cautious. Linde\u2019s main significance for Estonian literature lies in his managerial activities and literary criticism. He was active mostly as a translator, essayist and publisher. As a theatre critic, he wrote about drama and music theatre, particularly ballet. Along with reviews of contemporary Estonian literature, Linde wrote books about foreign authors. He published travel books and wrote politicians\u2019 biographies. He also compiled anthologies of several European national literatures. Bernhard Linde was one of Anton Hansen Tammsaare\u2019s closest co-workers. The monograph on Anton Hansen Tammsaare\u2019s life, completed in 1944, remained in manuscript for 63 years.<\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tLinde participated in translating Estonian literature into German and translated literary works into Estonian from German, English, Finnish, French, Polish, Serbian, Croatian, Slovene, and Czech. In 1929, Honor\u00e9 de Balzac\u2019s novel Isa Goriot<\/em> (\u2018Father Goriot\u2019) was published in Linde\u2019s translation. Linde has also translated books by W. Reymont, E. Rigby-Eastlake, J. Ha\u0161ek, E. Leino and H. Sudermann. His last translation was Konstantin Stanislavski\u2019s Minu elu kunstis<\/em> (\u2018My Life in Art\u2019), published in 1948.<\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tL. P. (Translated by I. A.)<\/em><\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

Books in Estonian<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tShort prose<\/em><\/strong>
Heitlikud ilmad<\/strong>: W\u00e4ikesed skandalid murrangu-aja Eestist. Tartu: Noor-Eesti, 1913, 82 lk.
Kenad naised<\/strong>: eksootiliste naiste seiklusi. Tartu: Loodus, 1928, 76 lk.<\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tEssays<\/em><\/strong>
Omad ja v\u00f5\u00f5rad<\/strong>: esseed. Tallinn: Varrak, 1927, 163 lk.
Loova Kesk-Euroopa poole: kirjanduslikke ja teatrilisi reisimuljeid L\u00e4tist, Poolast, T\u0161ehhoslovakkiast ja Ungarist<\/strong>. Tartu: Noor-Eesti, 1930, 320 lk.<\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tLiterary criticism<\/em><\/strong>
\u201eNoor-Eesti\u201c k\u00fcmme aastat<\/strong>. Tartu: 1918, 69 lk.
August Kitzberg<\/strong>: arvustuslik-elulooline essee. Tallinn: Varak, 1926, 46 lk.
Honor\u00e9 de Balzac: elu ja looming<\/strong>. Tartu: Eesti Kirjanduse Selts, 1933, 151 lk.
A. H. Tammsaare oma elu t\u00f5es ja \u00f5iguses<\/strong>: isiklike m\u00e4lestuste, kirjade ja dokumentide p\u00f5hjal. Tartu: Ilmamaa, 2007, 392 lk.<\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tBiographies of politicians<\/em><\/strong>
Thomas Garrigue Masaryk<\/strong>: T\u0161ehhoslovakkia Vabariigi presidendi elu ja t\u00f6\u00f6. Tallinn: Varak, 1935, 77 lk.
Dr. Eduard Bene\u0161<\/strong>: T\u0161ehhoslovakkia Vabariigi teise presidendi elu v\u00f5itluses oma rahva iseseisvuse eest. Tallinn: Varak, 1936, 88 lk.<\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tTravelogues<\/em><\/strong>
T\u00f5usva p\u00e4ikese mailt: reisivested Siberist, Jaapanist, Hiinast ja Indiast<\/strong>. Tallinn: Varak, 1925, 183 lk.
R\u00e4nnakuid keeristes: matkam\u00e4lestusi Saksast, Rootsist ja Venest Maailmas\u00f5ja eel ja ajal<\/strong>. Tallinn: Varak, 1936. 175 lk.<\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tMiscellaneous<\/em><\/strong>
Missugust walimise\u00f5igust peame meie n\u00f5udma?<\/strong>. Tartu: Noor-Eesti, 1907, 35 lk.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Bernhard Linde (4 IV 1886 \u2013 23 VII 1954) was a columnist, critic, prose writer, translator and publisher, one of the central figures of the Young Estonia grouping of writers. Linde was born in J\u00e4rvakandi parish in Harju County as …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":43,"featured_media":0,"parent":631,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-407","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/ewod\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/407","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/ewod\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/ewod\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/ewod\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/43"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/ewod\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=407"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/ewod\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/407\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4665,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/ewod\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/407\/revisions\/4665"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/ewod\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/631"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/ewod\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=407"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}