{"id":214,"date":"2024-04-03T23:39:30","date_gmt":"2024-04-03T20:39:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/ewod\/barbarus\/"},"modified":"2024-04-04T00:10:44","modified_gmt":"2024-04-03T21:10:44","slug":"barbarus","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/ewod\/b\/barbarus\/","title":{"rendered":"Johannes Barbarus"},"content":{"rendered":"

\n\tPoems<\/strong><\/a>\"Johannes<\/a><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tAbout Johannes Barbarus<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

Johannes Barbarus was the pseudonym of Johannes Vares (12. I 1890 \/\u00a031. XII 1889 \u2013 29. XI 1946), a poet, doctor, and politician. He was born in Kiisa, Viljandimaa to a farmer. He completed secondary school in P\u00e4rnu and then went to study medicine at the University of Kiev from 1910\u20131914 in Ukraine. He served as a military physician during both World War I and the Estonian War of Independence for the Estonian army. For his efforts, he was awarded the Cross of Libery, but he refused to accept it.<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tAfter completing his degree, he returned to P\u00e4rnu, where he worked as a doctor until his transfer to Tallinn in 1939. During the 30s, he traveled quite extensively in Southern and Western Europe as well as in the Soviet Union. After the annexation of Estonia by the Soviet Union in 1940, Vares became the prime minister of the Soviet puppet government and in August of the same year, chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Estonian SSR. After Nazi-German invasion to Estonia in 1941, Vares fled to Leningrad in 1941, where he remained in exile until the Soviets regained control of Estonia in 1944. Vares\u2019 return to Estonia, however, proved just as dangerous, as he came under the suspicion of the Soviet NKVD for his activities during the Estonian War of Independence. Vares was found dead in 1946 in Kadriorg Palace, Tallinn. It is widely believed that he committed suicide but the exact circumstances surrounding his death remain unclear to this day.<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tVares-Barbarus was a prolific writer. His style of verses varied greatly during his career as a poet. Though he didn\u2019t directly participate in politics in the beginning, his left-wing thinking undoubtedly influenced his work. He was a radical socialist and was impressed with the initial ideals of the Soviet Union. His travel experiences also played a role in his worldview and subsequently his writing.<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tBarbarus\u2019 poems appeared frequently in the journal Looming. <\/em>He published fourteen collections of verse. \u00a0His debut was neo-romantist Fata Morgana <\/em>(1918), followed by expressionist Inimene ja sfinks<\/em> (\u2018Man and the Sphinx\u2019, 1919), Katastroofid<\/em> (\u2018Catastrophes\u2019, 1920) and Vahekorrad <\/em>(\u2018Relations\u2019, 1922). The avant-garde-<\/em>ish Geomeetriline inimene <\/em>(\u2018The Geometrical Man\u2019, 1924) and Multiplitseerit inimene<\/em> (\u2018Multiplied Man\u2019, 1927) followed the trends of French modernism and cubism. From then on, Barbarus\u2019 poetry took more realistic turn with the collections Maailm on lahti <\/em>(\u2018The World is Open\u2019, 1930), E. V.-r <\/em>(\u2018The Estonian Republic\u2019, 1932), Tulipunkt <\/em>(\u2018The Focus\u2019, 1934), Memento <\/em>(1936), Kalad kuival<\/em> (Fish on Dry Land, 1937), \u00dcle l\u00e4ve<\/em> (\u2018Crossing the Threshold\u2019, 1939), Relvastatud v\u00e4rsid <\/em>(\u2018Armed Verses\u2019, 1943) and Rindeteedel <\/em>(On the Roads at the Frontline, 1944).<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tHis anthologies include Kolmnurk <\/em>(\u2018The Triangle\u2019, 1921), Vastu voolu <\/em>(\u2018Against the Current\u2019, 1946), and Samm-sammult v\u00f5idule <\/em>(\u2018Step by Step to Victory\u2019, 1946). He also published travel letters, short stories, and political writings.\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tIn 1945, he received the title of Merited Writer of the Estonian SSR. His work has been translated into several languages.<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tM. M.<\/em><\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

Books in Estonian<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tPoems<\/strong><\/em><\/span>
Fata-Morgana<\/strong>. Tartu: Noor-Eesti, 1918, 70 lk. [E-raamat: Tallinn: Digira, 2016.]
Inimene ja sfinks<\/strong>. Tallinn: Auringo, 1919, 79 lk. [E-raamat: Tallinn: Digira, 2016.]
Katastroofid<\/strong>. Tallinn: Auringo, 1920, 63 lk. [E-raamat: Tallinn: Digira, 2016.]
Kolmnurk: (1910-1920): valik luuletusi kolmest ilmunud kogust, eels\u00f5na, introduktsiooni ja nekro-epiloogiga<\/strong>. Tallinn: Varrak, 1921, 80 lk. [E-raamat: Tallinn: Digira, 2016.]
Vahekorrad: (1920-1922)<\/strong>. Tartu: Tarapita, 1922, 95 lk. [E-raamat: Tallinn: Digira, 2016.]
Geomeetriline inimene: V kogu v\u00e4rsse<\/strong>. (s.l.: s.n.), 1924, 109 lk. [E-raamat: Tallinn: Digira, 2016.]
Multiplitseerit inimene: VI kogu v\u00e4rsse<\/strong>. Tallinn: Eesti Kirjanikkude Liit, 1927, 102 lk. [E-raamat: Tallinn: Digira, 2016.]
Maailm on lahti!: VII kogu v\u00e4rsse: 1927-1930<\/strong>. Tallinn: (s.n.), 1930, 121 lk. [E-raamat: Tallinn: Digira, 2016.]
E.V.-r.: VIII kogu v\u00e4rsse & poeeme: 1927-1932<\/strong>. Tallinn: (s.n.), 1932, 144 lk. [E-raamat: Tallinn: Digira, 2016.]
Tulipunkt: IX. kogu v\u00e4rsse<\/strong>. Tallinn: (s.n.), 1934, 159 lk. [E-raamat: Tallinn: Digira, 2016.]
Memento: kaks m\u00e4lestuspoeemi<\/strong>. Tallinn: S\u00f5prus, 1936, 64 lk. [E-raamat: Tallinn: Digira, 2016.]
Kalad kuival: k\u00fcmnes kogu v\u00e4rsse<\/strong>. Tartu: Noor-Eesti, 1937, 167 lk. [E-raamat: Tallinn: Digira, 2016.]
\u00dcle l\u00e4ve: XI kogu v\u00e4rsse<\/strong>. Tartus : Noor-Eesti, 1939, 114 lk. [E-raamat: Tallinn: Digira, 2016.]
Relvastatud v\u00e4rsid: 1941-1943<\/strong>. Moskva: ENSV Riiklik Kirjastus, 1943, 79 lk. [E-raamat: Tallinn: Digira, 2016.]
Rindeteedel 1942-1944<\/strong>. Tallinn: Ilukirjandus ja Kunst, 1944, 75 lk. [E-raamat: Tallinn: Digira, 2016.]
Samm-sammult v\u00f5idule. 2: valik luuletusi 1939-1945<\/strong>. Tallinn: Ilukirjandus ja Kunst, 1946, 150 lk.
Vastu voolu: valik varemilmunud luulekogudest aastaist 1920-1940<\/strong>. Tallinn: Ilukirjandus ja Kunst, 1946, 200 lk.
Johannes Barbarus<\/strong>. Tallinn: Eesti Raamat, 1965, 139 lk. [Sari \u2019V\u00e4ike luuleraamat\u2019.]
Relvastatud v\u00e4rsid<\/strong>. Koostanud Endel S\u00f5gel. Tallinn: Eesti Raamat, 1970, 96 lk.
Vastu voolu; Samm-sammult v\u00f5idule<\/strong>. Tallinn: Eesti Raamat, 1981, 227 lk. [Luuletused 1920-1945.]<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tShort stories<\/em><\/strong>
Kolm juttu<\/strong>. Tallinn: Ajalehtede-Ajakirjade Kirjastus (Loomingu Raamatukogu), 1960, 48 lk.<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tCollected works<\/em><\/strong><\/span>
Kogutud teosed, 1. k\u00f6ide: Luuletused. 1: 1910-1939<\/strong>. Tallinn: Ilukirjandus ja Kunst, 1948, 413 lk.<\/span>
Kogutud teosed, 2. k\u00f6ide: Luuletused. 2: 1939-1946<\/strong>. Tallinn: Ilukirjandus ja Kunst, 1948, 281 lk.<\/span>
Kogutud teosed, 3. k\u00f6ide: Reisikirjad ja kirjanduslikud artiklid<\/strong>. Tallinn: Ilukirjandus ja Kunst, 1950, 198 lk.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Poems About Johannes Barbarus Johannes Barbarus was the pseudonym of Johannes Vares (12. I 1890 \/\u00a031. XII 1889 \u2013 29. XI 1946), a poet, doctor, and politician. He was born in Kiisa, Viljandimaa to a farmer. He completed secondary school …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":43,"featured_media":0,"parent":530,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-214","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/ewod\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/214","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/ewod\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/ewod\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/ewod\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/43"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/ewod\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=214"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/ewod\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/214\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4875,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/ewod\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/214\/revisions\/4875"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/ewod\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/530"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/ewod\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=214"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}