{"id":1963,"date":"2024-04-03T23:42:15","date_gmt":"2024-04-03T20:42:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/ewod\/juhanliiv\/"},"modified":"2024-09-27T12:00:53","modified_gmt":"2024-09-27T09:00:53","slug":"juhanliiv","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/ewod\/l\/juhanliiv\/","title":{"rendered":"Juhan Liiv"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"Juhan<\/span><\/a>
Poems<\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/h5>\n\n\n\n
Short stories\u00a0and novellas<\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/h5>\n\n\n\n
About Juhan Liiv<\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/h5>\n\n\n\n


One of the most beloved and celebrated Estonian poets, Juhan Liiv (1864-1913), was born in Riidma (a small rural community near lake Peipus). His father Benjamin Liiv was a peasant on the Alatskivi estate. Several of Benjamin\u2019s children died early. Of four sons Juhan was not the only one to reveal creative talents, which were evident also in Elias (who became a schoolmaster and a musician], and in Jakob, who like Juhan has a place in Estonian literary history.\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

During three winters Juhan went to the village school of Naelavere, after which he became a pupil of the parish school of Kodavere. In 1885 Juhan Liiv met the daughter of the coachman of the manor of Pandivere, Liisa Marie Golding, and he fell in love with her. His first attempts to write poems belonged to that period. His first published poem was Maikuu \u00f6\u00f6<\/em> (\u2018A Night of May\u2019), a sonnet printed in the Tallinn newspaper Virulane<\/em> (3. IX 1885). One of Liiv\u2019s best-known love poems, Mu viimne laul<\/em> (\u2018My Last Song\u2019), with a dedication to \u201cLady L. G.\u201d, dates from September 1896. They did not get married, as the young woman went to live and work to St. Petersburg, while Liiv suffered in 1893 his first attack of mental illness. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The culmination of Liiv\u2019s educational career was limited to a few winter months at the Hugo Treffner private high school in Tartu (1886). In 1887 Liiv composed the manuscript of his first collection of poems, \u00d5ied ja okkad<\/em> (\u2018Blossoms and Thorns\u2019), but he never managed to publish it. Then he tried to make a living as a journalist, but did not keep any job for long. He worked at the newspaper Sakala<\/em> in Viljandi (1887-1888) and after that, at the weekly newspaper Olevik<\/em> in Tartu (from 1890), where a series of his short stories were published. He left the editorial board in autumn 1892 and rented a flat in Tartu, to dedicate himself completely to creative writing. At the end of the same year, in eight days, he completed his short novel Vari<\/em> (\u2018The Shadow\u2019), a vigorous criticism of Germanic racial and male hegemony in his homeland. At first ignored, it was published in 1894 in Tallinn, to become likely his brightest achievement in prose fiction. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Liiv\u2019s mental illness that followed (a kind of schizophrenia) was never cured, but the fact remains that the major part of Liiv\u2019s best known poems were really created after that fatal year 1893. His madness alternated with clarity and moments of recognizing the truth, during which he was able to create poetry charged with extraordinary power of imagination, aesthetic sensitivity and philosophic penetration.\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Having spent the end of the century in obscurity, Liiv reappeared in public from the start of the new century, when the young generation of writers, led by Gustav Suits and Friedebert Tuglas, formed the nucleus of the literary-cultural movement Noor-Eesti (Young Estonia). In the years 1904 and 1905 when Liiv lived at the mental hospital of Tartu, he started to gain wider recognition as a poet. A number of cultured people remembered Liiv from that period. Thus the renowned Estonian-Finnish playwright Hella Wuolijoki (1886-1954; at that time a high school student in Tartu) compares in her memoirs Juhan Liiv with the Son of Man. Inspired by Liiv, she wrote in the 1930s a philosophic play, Dr. Lucius ja Luuletaja<\/em> (\u2018Dr. Lucius and the Poet\u2019; it was published long time after her lifetime, in 2013). <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Liiv himself did not publish any collection of poems, the canon of his poetry was almost entirely established by the young writers Gustav Suits and Friedebert Tuglas. Suits chose poems for the first book selection, Luuletused<\/em> (\u2018Poems\u2019, 1909\/1910), while the steady dedication of Tuglas, after the poet\u2019s death, made Liiv famous. Liiv\u2019s poems were taken to school anthologies and textbooks. Young people have learned and have remembered them by heart during decades of years. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In early 1913 conductors, taking the ill writer for a tramp, rudely pushed him off the Tartu\u2013Valga train, into a marsh. Added to Liiv\u2019s life-long smoking habit, this event helped induce the tubercular pneumonia that ended Liiv\u2019s life on the 1st of December. In 1924, the factory Tegur, of Tartu, set up at Liiv\u2019s grave in Alatskivi a monument with a bas-relief and the poem Kui tume veel kauaks ka sinu maa<\/em> (\u2018Though Your Country Be Dark For a Long Time\u2019). <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Liiv\u2019s nature lyrics and patriotic prophesies, as well as his prominent feature of \u201cessential simplicity\u201d (in the pointed words of the Estonian poet and critic in emigration, Ivar Ivask) have a lot to do with his world perception as an anti-anthropocentric thinker. The nucleus of Liiv\u2019s thought could be qualified \u2013 in terms coined after the poet\u2019s lifetime \u2013 as a kind of intuitive existentialism and holism, intensely intertwined. Liiv claimed for life a totality \u2013 spiritual and corporeal at the same time \u2013 in which every element was indispensable. That totality makes no room for the \u201cfirst\u201d \u2013 the \u201clords\u201d aspiring to establish their superiority and dominance over \u201cothers\u201d, socially or racially \u201csecond\u201d or \u201cthird\u201d, or over the rest of nature beyond humans. Much more than any rationalistic or materialistic aspirations of the human species, love and death, according to Liiv, reveal our deepest and noblest self. He created a large body of lyrical poems transmitting the tragic sense of our existence, and at the same time, the beautiful and the purifying.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0<\/span>
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0<\/span>
J. Talvet<\/span><\/em><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Books in Estonian<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Poems<\/em><\/strong><\/span>
Juhan Liivi luuletused<\/strong>. Koostanud G. Suits. Tartu: Noor-Eesti, 1909, 95 lk.<\/span>
Juhan Liivi luuletused<\/strong>. Koostanud G. Suits. Tartu: Noor-Eesti, 1910, 107 lk.<\/span>
Juhan Liivi luuletused<\/strong>. Koostanud ja eess\u00f5na F. Tuglas. Tartu: Noor-Eesti, 1919, 69 lk. <\/span>Juhan Liivi luuletused<\/strong>. Koostanud ja eess\u00f5na F. Tuglas. Tartu: Noor-Eesti, 1926, 279 lk.<\/span>
Valitud luuletused<\/strong>. Koostanud K. Kesa. Detmold, 1949, 90 lk.<\/span>
Teosed. Proosa; Luule<\/strong>. Koostanud ja eess\u00f5na: A. Vinkel. Tallinn: Eesti Riiklik Kirjastus, 1954, 464 lk. [2. tr\u00fckk: 1956.]<\/span><\/span><\/span>
Rukkivihud rehe all. Valimik luuletusi<\/strong>. Koostanud Paul Rummo. Tallinn: Eesti Riiklik Kirjastus, 1964, 68 lk.<\/span>
Juhan Liiv<\/strong>. Koostanud August Sang. Tallinn: Eesti Raamat, 1969, 166 lk. [Sari \u2018V\u00e4ike luuleraamat\u2019.] <\/span>
Sinuga ja sinuta<\/strong>. Koostanud A. Vinkel. Tallinn: Eesti Raamat, 1989, 397 lk.<\/span>
Oleksin ma luuletaja<\/strong>. Koostanud Karl Muru. Tallinn: Eesti Raamat, 2005, 119 lk.<\/span>
Meel paremat ei kannata. Valik luulet eesti ja inglise keeles. The Mind Would Bear No Better. A Selection of Poetry in Estonian and English<\/strong>. Koostanud J. Talvet, inglise keelde t\u00f5lkinud J. Talvet ja H. L. Hix, eess\u00f5na (lk 7-52) J. Talvet. Tartu: Tartu \u00dclikooli Kirjastus, 2007, 143 lk.<\/span>
Tuulehoog l\u00f5i vetesse<\/strong>. Koostanud ja saates\u00f5na J\u00fcri Talvet. Tallinn: T\u00e4nap\u00e4ev, 2007, 296 lk.<\/span>
Oh, elul ikka tera on. M\u00f5ttesalmid. \u201cKillud\u201d<\/strong>. Koostanud ja saates\u00f5na J\u00fcri Talvet. Tallinn: T\u00e4nap\u00e4ev, 2010, 238 lk.<\/span>
Lumi tuiskab, mina laulan<\/strong>. Valik luulet. Koostanud ja saates\u00f5na J\u00fcri Talvet. Tallinn: T\u00e4nap\u00e4ev, 2013, 462 lk. [2. tr\u00fckk: 2016.]<\/span>
\u00a0<\/span>
Short stories<\/em><\/strong>
K\u00e4kim\u00e4e k\u00e4gu<\/strong>. Tartu: K. A. Hermann, 1893, 35 lk. [J\u00e4rgnevad tr\u00fckid: Jurjev: K. A. Hermann, 1903; \u2018Valitud jutud\u2019, Tartu: Noor-Eesti, 1914, 63 lk; Petrograd: Eesti Kirjastuse \u00dchisus, 1923; \u2018Juhan Liivi kogutud teo[k]sed, 3. k\u00f6ide: K\u00e4kim\u00e4e k\u00e4gu ja teisi jutustusi\u2019, Tartu: Noor-Eesti, 1926; \u2018Proosa\u2019, Tallinn: Eesti Raamat, 1981, 172 lk.]<\/span>
K\u00fcmme lugu. Videvikul s\u00f5pradele jutustanud Juhan Liiv<\/strong>. Tartu \u2013 Riia: Schnackenburg, 1893, 67 lk. [Sisu: \u2018Esimesed kirjaniku tundmused\u2019; \u2018Peipsi p\u00e4\u00e4l\u2019; \u2018Onupojad\u2019; \u2018Pahased naabrid\u2019; \u2018Saaniga s\u00f5itsin ma sohinal\u2026\u2019; \u2018Muldm\u00e4e Mats\u2019; \u2018Ootajad\u2019; \u2018Algup\u00e4rane m\u00f5te\u2019; \u2018Aias\u2019; \u2018Igap\u00e4evane lugu\u2019.]<\/span>
Wari: lugu l\u00e4hemast minewikust<\/strong>. Tallinn: G. Pihelgas, 1894. 110 lk. [J\u00e4rgnevad tr\u00fckid: Tallinn: G. Pihelgas, 1903; \u2018Vari. Kogutud teo[k]sed, 2. anne\u2019, Tartu: Noor-Eesti, 1923, 113 lk; \u2018Kirjanduslooline valimik. III, IV ja V vihk\u2019, Tartu: Noor-Eesti, 1940, lk 143-301; Geislingen, 1947, 91 lk; \u2018Valik jutustusi\u2019, Tallinn: Eesti Riiklik Kirjastus, 1959, 136 lk; Tallinn: Eesti Raamat, 1966, 80 lk; \u2018Proosa\u2019, Tallinn: Eesti Raamat, 1981, 172 lk; Tallinn: Mixi Kirjastus, 2002, 78 lk.]<\/span>
N\u00f5ia t\u00fctar<\/strong>. Jurjev \u2013 Riia: Schnackenburg, 1895, 96 lk. [J\u00e4rgnevad tr\u00fckid: \u2018Valik jutustusi\u2019, Tallinn: Eesti Riiklik Kirjastus, 1959, 136 lk; \u2018Proosa\u2019, Tallinn: Eesti Raamat, 1981, 172 lk.<\/span><\/span>]<\/span>
Elu s\u00fcgawusest<\/strong>. Tartu: E. K. S. koolikirjanduse toimkond, 1909, 79 lk. [2. tr\u00fckk: \u2018Elu s\u00fcgavusest. Juhan Liivi kogutud teo[k]sed, 7. anne<\/span><\/span>\u2018, Tartu: Noor-Eesti, 1934, 110 lk.]<\/span>
Valitud jutud<\/strong>. Tartu: Noor-Eesti, 1914, 63 lk. [Sisu: \u2018Esimesed kirjaniku tundmused\u2019; \u2018Igap\u00e4evane lugu\u2019; \u2018Peipsi p\u00e4\u00e4l\u2019; \u2018Muldm\u00e4e Mats\u2019; \u2018K\u00e4kim\u00e4e k\u00e4gu\u2019; \u2018Pildike Peipsirannalt\u2019; \u2018Aias\u2019.]<\/span>
Valitud jutud<\/strong>. Koostanud ja eess\u00f5na F. Tuglas. Tallinn: Ilukirjandus ja Kunst, 1945, 292 lk.<\/span>
Proosa; Luule<\/strong>. Koostanud ja eess\u00f5na: A. Vinkel. Tallinn: Eesti Riiklik Kirjastus, 1954, 464 lk. [2. tr\u00fckk: 1956.]<\/span>
Valik jutustusi<\/strong>. Tallinn: Eesti Riiklik Kirjastus, 1959, 136 lk. [Sisu: \u2018Vari\u2019; \u2018Igap\u00e4evane lugu\u2019; \u2018Peipsi peal\u2019; \u2018N\u00f5ia t\u00fctar\u2019.]<\/span>
Proosa<\/strong>. Tallinn: Eesti Raamat, 1971, 238 lk.<\/span>
Ega me ometi sellep\u00e4rast vihased ole?\u2026: jutte ja luuletusi<\/strong>. Koostanud Andres Jaaksoo; pildid joonistanud Kelli Kagovere. Tallinn: Eesti Raamat, 1979, 27 lk.<\/span>
Proosa<\/strong>. Koost E. S\u00e4\u00e4rits. Tallinn: Eesti Raamat, 1981, 176 lk. [<\/span>2. tr\u00fckk: 1981.]<\/span>
\u00d6\u00f6l on \u00fcheksa poega<\/strong>. Koost ja saates\u00f5na A. Vinkel. Tallinn: Eesti raamat, 1996, 312 lk. <\/span>
Peipsi peal<\/strong>. Koostanud ja toimetanud Georg Gr\u00fcnberg. Tallinn: Eesti Raamat, 2008, 206 lk. [Sari \u2018Eesti novellivara\u2019.] <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Non-fiction<\/span><\/em><\/strong>
Mu kallis Liisi<\/strong>. Koost Aarne Vinkel. Tartu: Ilmamaa, 1996, 254 lk. [Juhan Liivi kirjad Liisa Goldingule. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>2. tr\u00fckk: 2000, 3. tr\u00fckk: Tallinn: Ekspress Meedia, 2017, 238 lk.]<\/span><\/span>
\u00a0<\/span>
Collected works <\/span><\/em><\/strong>
Juhan Liiwi kirjat\u00f6\u00f6de kogu<\/strong>. Tallinn: Uue Aja kaasanne. 1-9. 1904. 444 lk.<\/span>
Juhan Liivi kogutud teo[k]sed. 1. Enesest ja teistest<\/strong>. Koostanud ja eess\u00f5na F. Tuglas. Tartu-Noor-Eesti, 1921, 102 lk.<\/span>
Juhan Liivi kogutud teo[k]sed. 2. Vari: Lugu l\u00e4hemast minevikust<\/strong>. Koostanud ja eess\u00f5na F. Tuglas. Tartu-Noor-Eesti, 1923, 114 lk.<\/span>
Juhan Liivi kogutud teo[k]sed. 3. K\u00e4kim\u00e4e k\u00e4gu ja teisi jutustusi<\/strong>. Koostanud ja eess\u00f5na F. Tuglas. Tartu-Noor-Eesti, 1926, 143 lk. [Sisu: \u2018K\u00e4kim\u00e4e k\u00e4gu\u2019; \u2018N\u00f5ia t\u00fctar\u2019; \u2018N\u00f6\u00f6pn\u00f5el\u2019.]<\/span>
Juhan Liivi kogutud teo[k]sed. 8. Luuletused<\/strong>. Koostanud ja eess\u00f5na F. Tuglas. Tartu-Noor-Eesti, 1926, 158 lk.<\/span>
Juhan Liivi kogutud teo[k]sed. 4. Peipsi p\u00e4\u00e4l ja teisi jutustusi<\/strong>. Koostanud ja eess\u00f5na F. Tuglas. Tartu-Noor-Eesti, 1928, 104 lk. [Sisu: \u2018Esimesed kirjaniku tundmused\u2019; \u2018Peipsi p\u00e4\u00e4l\u2019; \u2018Muldm\u00e4e Mats\u2019; \u2018Igap\u00e4evane lugu\u2019; \u2018Pahased naabrid\u2019; \u2018Mis sest viimaks sai?\u2019; \u2018Onupojad\u2019; \u2018Saaniga s\u00f5itsin ma sohinal\u2019; \u2018Ootajad\u2019; \u2018Algup\u00e4rane m\u00f5te\u2019; \u2018Aias\u2019; \u2018Pildikene Peipsi rannalt\u2019; \u2018Juak\u2019.] <\/span>
Juhan Liivi kogutud teo[k]sed. 7. Elu s\u00fcgavusest<\/strong>. Koostanud ja eess\u00f5na F. Tuglas. Tartu-Noor-Eesti, 1934, 110 lk.<\/span>
Juhan Liivi kogutud teo[k]sed. 5, 6. \u00dche kirjaniku p\u00e4evaraamatust ja teisi lugusid<\/strong>. Koostanud ja eess\u00f5na F. Tuglas. Tartu-Noor-Eesti, 1935, 156 lk. [Sisu: \u2018\u00dche kirjaniku p\u00e4evaraamatust\u2019; \u2018Ega\u2019s ma nalja s\u00f5ber ole\u2019; \u2018Kodaverest\u2019; \u2018Otsakene reisikirja\u2019; \u2018J\u00e4nese kiri j\u00e4nestele\u2019; \u2018Krantsi ja Tuksi kirjad\u2019; \u2018\u00dche endise Hannoveri \u00f5petaja kirjavahetusest\u2019; \u2018Taaram\u00e4el\u2019; \u2018P\u00e4\u00e4stetud\u2019; \u2018L\u00fchidalt: naist ma ei v\u00f5ta!\u2019; \u2018\u00dcks trepp alamal\u2019; \u2018Laelamp\u2019; \u2018Tillukene pahandus\u2019; \u2018Eesm\u00e4rgil\u2019; \u2018Meeleparandamine\u2019; \u2018\u00d5nnelik juhtumine\u2019; \u2018Tuhvlid\u2019; \u2018Kolm pisarat\u2019; \u2018Kalliskivi\u2019; \u2018Hilja\u2019; \u2018Minna ja Anna\u2019; \u2018T\u00f5earmastus\u2019; \u2018Linnupesa\u2019; \u2018Kuulus mees\u2019.]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

About Juhan Liiv<\/em><\/strong>
Friedebert Tuglas, Juhan Liiv. Monografia<\/strong>. Tartu: Noor-Eesti, 1914, 80 lk. [2. tr\u00fckk: 2013.]
Friedebert Tuglas, Juhan Liiv. Elu ja looming<\/strong>. Tartu: Noor-Eesti, 1927, 347 lk. [J\u00e4rgnevad tr\u00fckid: 1958 (k\u00e4rbetega), 2013.]
Aarne Vinkel, Juhan Liiv<\/strong>. Tallinn: Eesti Riiklik Kirjastus, 1964, 127 lk.
J\u00fcri Talvet, Juhan Liivi luule<\/strong>. Monograafia. Tallinn: T\u00e4nap\u00e4ev, 2012, 245 lk.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Poems Short stories\u00a0and novellas About Juhan Liiv One of the most beloved and celebrated Estonian poets, Juhan Liiv (1864-1913), was born in Riidma (a small rural community near lake Peipus). His father Benjamin Liiv was a peasant on the Alatskivi …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":43,"featured_media":0,"parent":631,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1963","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/ewod\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1963","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/ewod\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/ewod\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/ewod\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/43"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/ewod\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1963"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/ewod\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1963\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5584,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/ewod\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1963\/revisions\/5584"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/ewod\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/631"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/ewod\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1963"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}