{"id":1884,"date":"2024-04-03T23:42:06","date_gmt":"2024-04-03T20:42:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/ewod\/jaankross\/"},"modified":"2024-04-04T00:06:00","modified_gmt":"2024-04-03T21:06:00","slug":"jaankross","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/ewod\/k\/jaankross\/","title":{"rendered":"Jaan Kross"},"content":{"rendered":"

\n\tPoems<\/span><\/strong><\/a>\"Jaan<\/span><\/a><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tNovels<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/a>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tShort stories and novellas<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/a>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tPlays<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/a>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tNon-fiction<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/a>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tAbout Jaan Kross<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/a>\n<\/p>\n

Jaan Kross (19. II 1920 \u2013 27. XII 2007) was one of the best-known Estonian prose writers, and a poet, essayist and translator. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

He was born in Tallinn, the son of a machinery factory foreman; from 1928 to 1938 he attended J. Westholm secondary school, and studied law at Tartu University from 1938 to 1944. In 1938 he joined the academic fraternity Estonian Students Society, and in 1988 was one of those who revived it. From 1940 to 1941 he was a contributor to the Komsomol\u2019s (Young Communist League\u2019s) journal Noorte H\u00e4\u00e4l<\/em>. During the German occupation from 1941 to 1943 he was a secretary at the Tallinn City Bank. In 1943 he was an interpreter for the German army district command headquarters; at the end of the occupation in 1944 he was imprisoned by the German security police and the SD, and taken to Tallinn Central Prison for preliminary investigation. After the war, from 1944 to 1946, he worked briefly at Tartu University as a lecturer in national and international law. In 1946 he was arrested by People\u2019s Commissariat of State Security of the Estonian SSR, found guilty by a special deliberation of the NKVD, was a political prisoner at the Central Prison and in the GULAG camps in the Komi ASSR, where he was put to work mining coal, and was exiled in Krasnoyarsk Krai, where he worked in a brick factory; he was released in 1954, and rehabilitated in 1960. From 1954 he was a professional writer in Tallinn. He became a member of the Writers\u2019 Union in 1958, the secretary of his board in 1971, its deputy chairman in 1981. He was a Social Democratic deputy in Parliament and chairman of the commission investigating the repressive policies of the occupations from 1992 to 1993. He was Professor of Liberal Arts at Tartu University in 1998. <\/span><\/span>He was married three times. His first wife Helga Kross (n\u00e9e Pedusaar, later Helga Viira) translated Estonian literature into German; his second wife, also Helga Kross (n\u00e9e Roos) translated German literature into Estonian. His third wife Ellen Niit was a poet, children\u2019s author and translator. Jaan Kross was the father of Kristiina Ross, Maarja Undusk, Erik-Niiles Kross and M\u00e4rten Kross. He is buried in Rahum\u00e4e Cemetery in Tallinn.<\/span>
\u00a0<\/span>
Kross\u2019 first efforts in poetry and prose appeared between 1935 and 1940 in the student publications Eesti Noorte Punane Rist<\/em>, Tuleviku Rajad<\/em> and the journal T\u00e4nap\u00e4ev<\/em>. In the mid-nineteen-fifties he was prominent as a poet and translator of poetry, and was active in the Young Authors\u2019 Association in Tallinn, whose chairman he was from 1957 to 1960. He published the collections S\u00f6erikastaja<\/em> (\u2018The Coal Enricher\u2019, 1958), Kivist viiulid<\/em> (\u2018Violins of Stone\u2019, 1964), Lauljad laevav\u00f6\u00f6ridel<\/em> (\u2018Singers at the Ships\u2019 Fores\u2019, 1966) and Vihm teeb toredaid asju<\/em> (\u2018Rain does nice things\u2019, 1969), the poem Tuule-Juku<\/em> (\u2018Juku of Wind\u2019, 1963) and the selection Voog ja kolmpii<\/em> (\u2018Stream and Trident\u2019, 1971, Smuul Prize 1972). His poetry is characterized by a socially critical stance which prevails over emotional lyricism and contemplation; he craves freedom and spirituality, rejects stupidity and the pressure of violence. Kross\u2019 powerfully intellectual and associative free verse, his virtuosity with metre and rhyme, his thematic diversity and dialectical outlook, his departure point in the high style of pre-war Estonian poetry, inspired a censored and muted literary atmosphere and offered a model for the renewal of poetry in the nineteen-sixties, although he had to suffer ideological attacks as well. The best-known poetical works are the ballad Irax<\/em>, with its allusions to Stalinism (1952\/1956) and the free-verse poems Maailma avastamine<\/em> (\u2018The Discovery of the World\u2019, 1963) and Traktaat riimitud ja riimimata v\u00e4rsist<\/em> (\u2018Treatise on Rhymed and Unrhymed Verse\u2019, 1964). \u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

From the nineteen-seventies onward Kross turned to prose about Estonian cultural history. He began with narratives on subjects from the past: Neli monoloogi P\u00fcha J\u00fcri asjus<\/em> (\u2018Four Monologues on the Subject of Saint George\u2019, 1970; Tuglas short story prize 1971) depicts the restricted intellectual life of medieval Tallinn through the eyes of the artist Michel Sittow; the self-examining protagonist of Michelsoni immatrikuleerimine<\/em> (\u2018The Elevation of Michelson\u2019, 1971) is the suppressor of the Pugachev Rebellion, Johann Michelson, a general of Estonian origin in the Tsar\u2019s army; J. W. Jannsen\u2019s relations with the Estonian Knighthood of the Baltic Germans are considered in the internal monologue of P\u00f6\u00f6rdtoolitund<\/em> (\u2018An Hour on a Revolving Chair\u2019, 1971; Tuglas short story prize 1972). Kross\u2019 central subject is the self-realization of gifted people of low status (generally Estonian) in a higher society which rejects them, requiring them to steer a course between principle and compromise. Between 1970 and 1980 came one of his main works, the four-volume historical novel Kolme katku vahel<\/em> (Between Three Plagues; vols. I and II were winners of the Smuul Prize in 1973, vols. I-III winners of the Estonian SSR State Prize in 1977). The work depicts at close quarters a chronicle of 16th century Tallinn, the life of the ethnic Estonian pastor Balthasar Russow as interpreted by the author, and the urban environment in peace and war. Kross\u2019 prose is rooted in a detailed knowledge of archive materials, a nuanced sense of history and an experienced familiarity with humanity. His style is self-centred, vivid and dynamic, the settings are colourful and detailed, the plots are psychologically tense, the sentence structure is baroque and enjoying its role as a storyteller. <\/span><\/p>\n

Biographical novels also include Kolmandad m\u00e4ed<\/em> (\u2018The Third Mountains\u2019, 1975), about the Tsar\u2019s court painter Johann K\u00f6ler; Taevakivi<\/em> (\u2018The Rock from the Sky\u2019, 1975), about the imaginary relationship between the early Estonian literary figures Otto Wilhelm Masing and Kristjan Jaak Peterson; Professor Martensi \u00e4ras\u00f5it<\/em> (\u2018Professor Martens\u2019 Departure\u2019, 1984; Smuul Prize 1984), about the researches of the Tsarist-period diplomat and lawyer Friedrich Martens, and Vastutuulelaev<\/em> (\u2018Sailing Against the Wind\u2019, 1987), on the self-realization of the stellar-optical scientist Bernhard Schmidt from the island of Naissaar at the time of the brown plague in Germany. Rakvere romaan<\/em> (\u2018A Novel of Rakvere\u2019, 1982) deals with the struggle of the town of Rakvere with the landowners for the town\u2019s independence in the 18th century. The biographical novel Keisri hull<\/em> (\u2018The Czar\u2019s Madman\u2019, 1978; Smuul Prize 1979, USSR Trade Unions\u2019 prize 1989) has as its central character Timotheus von Bock, a Baltic German nobleman who is uncompromising in his honesty, and does not yield even in a fight with the Tsar of Russia himself; the narrator of the work is Jakob, the brother of the Estonian wife of the repressed hero. The life and execution of J\u00fcri Vilms, one of the founders of the Estonian Republic, is told in the novel Tabamatus<\/em> (\u2018Inviolability\u2019, 1993); the attenuation of a gifted person\u2019s self-actualization in wartime and post-war Estonia is depicted in the novel Paigallend<\/em> (\u2018Treading Air\u2019, 1998, Baltic Assembly Prize 1999). The moral and commercial reawakening of newly independent Estonia is portrayed in the erotically charged novel Tahtamaa<\/em> (2001).<\/span><\/p>\n

Kross used autobiographical material in the short-story collections Kajalood<\/em> (\u2018Echo-sounder\u2019, 1980), \u00dcles\u00f5idukohad<\/em> (\u2018Crossing-places\u2019, 1981), Silmade avamise p\u00e4ev<\/em> (\u2018The Day His Eyes Are Opened\u2019, 1988) and J\u00e4releh\u00fc\u00fcd<\/em> (\u2018Obituary\u2019, 1994; Tuglas Prize for the short story V\u00fcrst (\u2018The Prince\u2019) in 1995) as well as the novel Wikmani poisid<\/em> (\u2018The Wikman Boys\u2019, 1988), which depicts the excitement of school life in an elite secondary school in pre-war Tallinn. Memoirs are also the stuff of the novels Mesmeri ring<\/em> (\u2018Mesmer\u2019s Circle\u2019, 1995), whose activity occurs before and during the war, and V\u00e4ljakaevamised<\/em> (\u2018Excavations\u2019, 1990; first publication in Finnish, translated by J. Vanhanen, with the title Syvyydest\u00e4<\/em>), relating the return of Estonians from imprisonment and resettlement in Siberia after Stalin\u2019s death, and their reacclimatization with ordinary life. <\/span><\/p>\n

Medieval Tallinn is portrayed in the juvenile story Mardileib<\/em> (\u2018Martinmas Bread\u2019, 1973), whose subject is the invention of marzipan. Kross also wrote a historical play, Doktor Karelli raske \u00f6\u00f6<\/em> (\u2018Doctor Karell\u2019s Difficult Night) about the life of the Russian Tsar\u2019s Estonian physician (1989, staged at the National Theatre of Finland in 1991 and the Estonian Drama Theatre in 1994). His historical prose has been much dramatized, partly with the author\u2019s collaboration (\u2018The Elevation of Michelson\u2019, \u2018An Hour on a Revolving Chair\u2019, \u2018The Rock from the Sky\u2019, \u2018The Czar\u2019s Madman\u2019, \u2018A Novel of Rakvere\u2019). A television film based on \u2018Between Three Plagues\u2019 was made in 1970. He also wrote a radio play, Narr laps<\/em> (\u2018Clown Child\u2019, 1964, with E. Niit), the text of E. Tamberg\u2019s\u00a0 Kuupaisteoratoorium<\/em> (\u2018Moonlight Oratorio\u2019) and the libretto of the opera Cyrano de Bergerac<\/em>, as well as the libretti of E. Tubin\u2019s operetta Barbara von Tisenhusen<\/em> and of Reigi \u00f5petaja<\/em> (\u2018The Minister of Reigi\u2019), based on the work of Aino Kallas. With E. Niit he published the Mediterranean travel book Muld ja marmor<\/em> (\u2018Soil and Marble\u2019, 1968). His critical and cultural writings have appeared in six volumes under the title Vahelugemised<\/em> (\u2018Between Readings\u2019, 1968, 1976, 1983, 1990, 1995; Smuul Prize for vol. 3). <\/span><\/p>\n

Kross translated from Russian, Emglish, French, Swedish, German, Finnish and Hungarian, mainly verse (H. Heine, J. Becher, S. Yesenin, A. Prokofiev, D. Samoylov, A. Turtiainen); he also translated Shakespeare\u2019s Othello, Macbeth, Pericles and The Tempest. Works by P.J. Beranger, B. Brecht, L. Carroll, E. Diktonius, P. Eluard, A. Griboyedov, R. Hochhuth, I. Mad\u00e1ch, K. Ristikivi, R. Rolland, E. Rostand, S. Zweig and K. Chukovsky have appeared in print.\u00a0 His own works have been translated\u00a0into more than a score of languages.<\/span><\/p>\n

At the end of his creative career the author published two volumes of memoirs, Kallid kaasteelised<\/em> (\u2018Dear Fellow Travellers\u2019, 2003, 2008). Posthumously there appeared a film portraying his productive life, S\u00f6erikastaja<\/em> (\u2018The Coal Enricher\u2019, 2009, director P. Simm, script by J. Kross). Since 2010 the Jaan Kross Foundation has awarded the Jaan Kross Literary Prize. \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Among numerous prizes and honourary titles Jaan Kross has been awarded the following: <\/span>
\u00a0 <\/span>
\u2013 Merited Writer of the ESSR \u2013 in 1971 \u00a0<\/span>
\u2013 The Tuglas Short Story Prize \u2013 in 1971, 1972, 1990, and 1995. \u00a0<\/span>
\u2013 The annual Juhan Smuul Literary Prize \u2013 in 1972, 1973, 1979, and 1984. <\/span>
\u2013 Estonian SSR State Prize \u2013 in 1977. \u00a0<\/span>
\u2013 People\u2019s Writer of the ESSR \u2013 in 1985. \u00a0<\/span>
\u2013 Virumaa Literary Prize \u2013 in 1988, 1993, 1996, 1998, and 2003. <\/span>
\u2013 Prize of the trade unions of the USSR \u2013 in 1989. <\/span>
\u2013 Honorary Doctor of the University of Tartu \u2013 1989. <\/span>
\u2013 Honorary Doctor of the University of Helsinki \u2013 in 1990. <\/span>
\u2013 Amnesty International Golden Flame Prize \u2013 in 1990. \u00a0<\/span>
\u2013 Honorary member of the Union of Finnish Writers. <\/span>
\u2013 Order of the National Coat of Arms of Estonia, I Class \u2013 in 1996. \u00a0<\/span>
\u2013 Herder Prize \u2013 in 1997. <\/span>
\u2013 The\u00a0Cultural Endowment Annual Award for Literature \u2013 in 1998. \u00a0<\/span>
\u2013 Eeva Joenpelto Prize \u2013 in 1998. <\/span>
\u2013 Tallinn Coat of Arms Badge \u2013 in 1998. \u00a0<\/span>
\u2013 Baltic Assembly Prize for Literature \u2013 in 1999. <\/span>
\u2013 Estonian National Culture Foundation Lifetime Achievement Award \u2013 in 2004. <\/span>
\u2013 Estonian National Culture Award \u2013 in 2006. <\/span>
\u2013 The European of the Year Award by European Movement Estonia \u2013 in 2006. <\/span>
\u2013 Hungarian Service Cross \u2013 in 1993. <\/span>
\u2013 German Distinguished Service Cross \u2013 1995. <\/span>
\u2013 Finnish Loviisa Forum Prize \u2013 in 1996. <\/span>
\u2013 Badge of honour of the French Legion of Honour \u2013 in 2001. <\/span>
\u2013\u00a0Commander of the Order of the Lion of Finland \u2013 in 2003. <\/span><\/p>\n

A. M. (Translated by C. M.)<\/span><\/em>\n<\/p>\n

Books in Estonian<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tNovels<\/em><\/strong>
Kolme katku vahel. Balthasar Russowi romaan:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong>
I osa: Tallinn: Eesti Raamat, 1970, 270 lk. [<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>J\u00e4rgnevad tr\u00fckid: 1974, 1985, 1987, 1997, 2008, 2020.]
II osa: Tallinn: Eesti Raamat, 1972, 204 lk. [J\u00e4rgnevad tr\u00fckid: 1974, 1985, 1987, 1997, 2008, 2020.]
III osa: Tallinn: Eesti Raamat, 1977, 371 lk. [J\u00e4rgnevad tr\u00fckid: 1985, 1989 (osaliselt), 1998, 2008, 2020.]
IV osa: Tallinn: Eesti Raamat, 1980, 429 lk. [J\u00e4rgnevad tr\u00fckid: 1985, 1989, 2008, 2020.]<\/span><\/span>
Keisri hull<\/strong>. Tallinn: Eesti Raamat, 1978, 350 lk. [J\u00e4rgnevad tr\u00fckid: <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>1995, 1997, 1999, 2008, 2010, 2013, 2017 (epub).]<\/span><\/span>
Rakvere romaan<\/strong>. Tallinn: Eesti Raamat, 1982, 303 lk.
Professor Martensi \u00e4ras\u00f5it<\/strong>. Tallinn: Eesti Raamat, 1984, 247 lk.
Vastutuulelaev: Bernhard Schmidti romaan<\/strong>. Tallinn: Eesti Raamat, 1987, 317 lk.
Wikmani poisid<\/strong>. Tallinn: Eesti Raamat, 1988, 525 lk. [J\u00e4rgnevad tr\u00fckid: <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>1998, 2015, 2019.]<\/span><\/span>
V\u00e4ljakaevamised<\/strong>. Tallinn: Eesti Raamat: Kupar, 1990, 191 lk.
Tabamatus: J\u00fcri Vilmsi romaan<\/strong>. Tallinn: Kupar, 1993, 302 lk.
Mesmeri ring: Romaniseeritud memuaarid nagu k\u00f5ik memuaarid ja peaaegu iga romaan<\/strong>. Tallinn: Kupar, 1995, 359 lk.
Paigallend: Ullo Paeranna romaan<\/strong>. Tallinn: Virgela, 1998, 375 lk.
Tahtamaa<\/strong>. Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus, 2001, 355 lk. [J\u00e4rgnevad tr\u00fckid: <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>2005, 2012 (epub).]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Short prose<\/em><\/strong>
Neli monoloogi P\u00fcha J\u00fcri asjus<\/strong>. Tallinn: Perioodika (Loomingu Raamatukogu), 1970, 54 lk.
Michelsoni immatrikuleerimine: Tosin \u00fcksikk\u00f5net trummi, v\u00e4ntoreli ja torupilliga tumma fl\u00f6\u00f6di saatel<\/strong>. Tallinn: Perioodika (Loomingu Raamatukogu), 1971, 71 lk.
Klio silma all<\/strong>. Tallinn: Eesti Raamat, 1972, 194 lk. [Sisu: \u2018Neli monoloogi P\u00fcha J\u00fcri asjus\u2019, \u2018Michelsoni immatrikuleerimine\u2019, \u2018Kahe kaotsil\u00e4inud paberi lugu\u2019, \u2018P\u00f6\u00f6rdtoolitund\u2019.]
Mardileib<\/strong>. Tallinn: Eesti Raamat, 1973, 72 lk. [J\u00e4rgnevad tr\u00fckid: <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>1985, 2004, 2017.]<\/span><\/span>
Kolmandad m\u00e4ed<\/strong>. Tallinn: Kunst, 1975, 112 lk.
Taevakivi<\/strong>. Tallinn: Eesti Raamat, 1975, 216 lk.
Kajalood<\/strong>. Tallinn: Perioodika (Loomingu Raamatukogu), 1980, 95 lk. [Sisu: \u2018Marrastus\u2019, \u2018Toru\u2019, \u2018Stahli grammatika\u2019.]
\u00dcles\u00f5idukohad. V\u00e4ike Vipper<\/strong>. Tallinn: Perioodika (Loomingu Raamatukogu), 1981, 48 lk.
Silmade avamise p\u00e4ev<\/strong>. Tallinn: Eesti Raamat, 1988, 253 lk. [Sisu: \u2018Silmade avamise p\u00e4ev\u2019, \u2018Rist\u2019, \u2018V\u00e4ike Vipper\u2019, \u2018Marrastus\u2019, \u2018Toru\u2019, \u2018Stahli grammatika\u2019, \u2018Vanden\u00f5u\u2019.]
J\u00e4releh\u00fc\u00fcd<\/strong>. Tallinn: Perioodika (Loomingu Raamatukogu), 1994, 79 lk. [Sisu: \u20181941\u2019, \u2018J\u00e4relh\u00fc\u00fcd Kuusiku peremehele\u2019, \u2018V\u00fcrst\u2019.]<\/span><\/span><\/span>
Jaan Krossi \u00fctlemisi<\/strong>. V\u00e4itevirmalisi maast ja ilmast, Koostanud Mall J\u00f5gi. Tallinn: Tammerraamat, 2020, 135 lk.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Poems<\/em><\/strong>
S\u00f6erikastaja<\/strong>. Tallinn: Eesti Riiklik Kirjastus, 1958, 120 lk.
Tuule-Juku: \u00dcle 16. a. vanustele keelatud<\/strong>. Tallinn: Ajalehtede-Ajakirjade Kirjastus (Loomingu Raamatukogu), 1963, 55 lk.
Kivist viiulid<\/strong>. Tallinn: Eesti Riiklik Kirjastus, 1964, 112 lk.
Lauljad laevav\u00f6\u00f6ridel<\/strong>. Tallinn: Eesti Raamat, 1966, 116 lk.
Vihm teeb toredaid asju<\/strong>. Tallinn: Eesti Raamat, 1969, 96 lk.
Voog ja kolmpii<\/strong>. Tallinn: Eesti Raamat, 1971, 375 lk.<\/span><\/span><\/span>
Jaan Kross, David Samoilov, Mu s\u00f5bra avatud akna all = \u0412 \u043e\u043a\u043d\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0430<\/strong>. \u00dcllitise kuraator: Irina Belobrovtseva; eess\u00f5nad: M\u00e4rt V\u00e4ljataga, Irina Belobrovtseva. Tallinn: D. Samoilovi Eesti \u00dching, Tallinna \u00dclikool, Avenarius, 2015, 75+81 lk. [Tirelraamat. Luuletused ja t\u00f5lked.]
Maailma avastamine<\/strong>. Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus, 2020, 39 lk.<\/span><\/span>
Tiit Pagu<\/strong>. V\u00e4rssromaan. Tr\u00fckki toimetanud ja saates\u00f5na: Jaan Undusk. Tallinn: Kultuurileht (Loomingu Raamatukogu), 2020, 163 lk.<\/span><\/span> [Epub: 2020.]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Plays<\/em><\/strong>
Doktor Karelli raske \u00f6\u00f6. Vend Enrico ja tema piiskop: N\u00e4idendid<\/strong>. Tallinn: Perioodika (Loomingu Raamatukogu), 2000, 112 lk.<\/p>\n

Essays and articles<\/em><\/strong>
Alma Vaarman, Jaan Kross. Tallinna proletaarse teatri ajaloost. I<\/strong>. Tallinn: Eesti NSV Teatri\u00fching, 1957, 53 lk.
Vahelugemised<\/strong>. Tallinn: Eesti Raamat, 1968, 208 lk.
Vahelugemised. 2<\/strong>. Tallinn: Eesti Raamat, 1976, 205 lk.
Vahelugemised. 3<\/strong>. Tallinn: Eesti Raamat, 1982, 234 lk.
Vahelugemised. 4<\/strong>. Tallinn: Eesti Raamat, 1986, 197 lk.
Vahelugemised. 5<\/strong>. Tallinn: Eesti Raamat, 1990, 239 lk.
Vahelugemised. 6: (poliitilised)<\/strong>. Hamburg: Bibliotheca Baltica, 1995, 231 lk.
Omaeluloolisus ja alltekst: 1998. aastal Tartu \u00dclikooli filosoofiateaduskonna vabade kunstide professorina peetud loengud<\/strong>. Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus, 2003, 226 lk.<\/p>\n

Memoirs<\/em><\/strong>
Kallid kaasteelised<\/strong>. Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus, 2003, 718 lk. [J\u00e4rgnevad tr\u00fckid: 2005, 2008, 2010.]
Kallid kaasteelised. II<\/strong>. Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus, 2008, 590 lk.<\/p>\n

Travelogues<\/em><\/strong>
Ellen Niit, Jaan Kross. Muld ja marmor: M\u00f6\u00f6das\u00f5itnu meenutusi<\/strong>. Tallinn: Eesti Raamat, 1968, 200 lk. [T\u00fcrgist, Egiptusest ja Kreekast.]\n<\/p>\n

\n\tCollected works<\/em><\/strong>
Kogutud teosed, 1. k\u00f6ide: Kolme katku vahel. Balthasar Russowi romaan.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> I ja II osa<\/strong>. Eess\u00f5na: \u00dclo Tedre. Tallinn: Virgela, 1997, 500 lk.
Kogutud teosed, 2. k\u00f6ide:<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0Kolme katku vahel. Balthasar Russowi romaan.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> III osa<\/strong>. Eess\u00f5na: \u00dclo Tedre. Tallinn: Virgela, 1998, 395 lk.
Kogutud teosed, 3. k\u00f6ide:<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0Kolme katku vahel. Balthasar Russowi romaan.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> <\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>IV osa. <\/strong>J\u00e4rels\u00f5na: Janika Kronberg. Tallinn: Virgela, 1998, 459 lk.
Kogutud teosed, 4. k\u00f6ide:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>Taevakivi; Kolmandad m\u00e4ed; Kahe kaotsil\u00e4inud paberi lugu; P\u00f6\u00f6rdtoolitund<\/strong>. Tallinn: Virgela, 1999, 339 lk.
Kogutud teosed, 5. k\u00f6ide<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>: Keisri hull<\/strong>. Tallinn: Virgela, 1999, 393 lk.
Kogutud teosed, 6. k\u00f6ide<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>: Rakvere romaan<\/strong>. Tallinn: Virgela, 1999, 381 lk.
Kogutud teosed, 7. k\u00f6ide:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> Professor Martensi \u00e4ras\u00f5it<\/strong>. J\u00e4rels\u00f5na: Janika Kronberg. Tallinn: Virgela; Eesti Keele Sihtasutus, 2002, 326 lk.
Kogutud teosed, 8. k\u00f6ide:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>Vastutuulelaev: Bernhard Schmidti romaan<\/strong>. Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus, 2002, 389 lk.
Kogutud teosed, 9. k\u00f6ide:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> Wikmani poisid<\/strong>. Tallinn: Virgela, 1998, 530 lk.
Kogutud teosed, 10. k\u00f6ide:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> V\u00e4ljakaevamised<\/strong>. Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus, 2003, 248 lk.
Kogutud teosed, 11. k\u00f6ide:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> Tabamatus: J\u00fcri Vilmsi romaan<\/strong>. Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus, 2003, 341 lk.
Kogutud teosed, 12. k\u00f6ide:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> Mesmeri ring: romaniseeritud memuaarid nagu k\u00f5ik memuaarid ja peaaegu iga romaan<\/strong>. Tallinn: Virgela; Eesti Keele Sihtasutus, 2003, 455 lk.
Kogutud teosed, 13. k\u00f6ide:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> Paigallend: Ullo Paeranna romaan<\/strong>. J\u00e4rels\u00f5na: Toomas Haug. Tallinn: Virgela; Eesti Keele Sihtasutus, 2002, 384 lk.
Kogutud teosed, 14. k\u00f6ide:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0Tahtamaa<\/strong>. Tallinn: Virgela; Eesti Keele Sihtasutus, 2005, 357 lk.
Kogutud teosed, 15. k\u00f6ide:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> Novellid. I<\/strong>. Tallinn: Virgela; Eesti Keele Sihtasutus, 2004, 394 lk. [Sisu: \u2018Neli monoloogi P\u00fcha J\u00fcri asjus\u2019, \u2018Michelsoni immatrikuleerimine\u2019, \u2018Rist\u2019, \u2018V\u00e4ike Vipper\u2019, \u2018Marrastus\u2019, \u2018Toru\u2019, \u2018Stahli grammatika\u2019, \u2018Vanden\u00f5u\u2019, \u2018Silmade avamise p\u00e4ev\u2019.]
Kogutud teosed, 16. k\u00f6ide:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0Novellid. II<\/strong>. Tallinn: Virgela; Eesti Keele Sihtasutus, 2004, 413 lk. [Sisu: \u20181941\u2019, \u2018Tuhatoos\u2019, \u2018Onu\u2019, \u2018Halleluuja\u2019, \u2018Minu onupoja jutustus\u2019, \u2018Eesti iseloom\u2019, \u2018J\u00e4releh\u00fc\u00fcd Kuusiku peremehele\u2019, \u2018V\u00fcrst\u2019, \u2018P\u00f5genemine\u2019, \u2018S\u00fcit kolmele klaverile v\u00f5i ehk siiski ainult kahele\u2019, \u2018Motacilla\u2019, \u2018Pulmareis\u2019, \u2018Morse\u2019, \u2018Eksam\u2019.]
Kogutud teosed, 17. k\u00f6ide:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> Luule<\/strong>. J\u00e4rels\u00f5na: M\u00e4rt V\u00e4ljataga. Tallinn: Virgela; Eesti Keele Sihtasutus, 2005, 573 lk.
Kogutud teosed, 18. k\u00f6ide:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> Draama<\/strong>. J\u00e4rels\u00f5na: Piret Kruuspere. Tallinn: Virgela; Eesti Keele Sihtasutus, 2005, 366 lk. [Sisu: Jaan Kross, Ellen Niit, \u2018Narr laps\u2019; \u2018Olematu Odysseus: nukun\u00e4idend t\u00e4iskasvanuile. 3 vaatust proloogiga\u2019; \u2018Uhkus ja alandlikkus: n\u00e4idend 3 vaatuses romaani \u201cKolme katku vahel\u201d neljanda k\u00f6ite teise raamatu ainetel\u2019; \u2018Keisri hull: n\u00e4idend kolmes vaatuses proloogi ja kolme epiloogiga samanimelise romaani aineil\u2019; \u2018Doktor Karelli raske \u00f6\u00f6: ajalooline n\u00e4idend\u2019; \u2018Vend Enrico ja tema piiskop: n\u00e4idend. \u00dchtedele farss, teistele draama nagu alati\u2019.
Kogutud teosed, 19. k\u00f6ide:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0Ellen Niit, Jaan Kross, Muld ja marmor: m\u00f6\u00f6das\u00f5itnu meenutusi<\/strong>. Tallinn: Virgela; Eesti Keele Sihtasutus, 2006, 251 lk.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

About Jaan Kross<\/em><\/strong>
Metamorfiline Kross: Sissevaateid Jaan Krossi loomingusse<\/strong>. Koostanud Eneken Laanes. Tallinn: Underi ja Tuglase Kirjastuskeskus, 2005, 262 lk.
Jaan Kross: Bibliograafia 1997\u20132005<\/strong>. Koostajad Vaime Kabur, Tiina Ritson. Tallinn: Eesti Rahvusraamatukogu, 2006, 207 lk. [K\u00e4ttesaadav: http:\/\/www.digar.ee\/arhiiv\/nlib-digar:1228<\/span><\/a>.]
Juhani Salokannel, Jaan Kross<\/strong>. Soome keelest t\u00f5lkinud Piret Saluri. Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus, 2009, 542 lk. [Originaal: Juhani Salokannel, Sivistystahto: Jaan Kross, h\u00e4nen teoksensa ja virolaisuus, Helsinki: WSOY, 2008, 506 lk.]<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Poems Novels Short stories and novellas Plays Non-fiction About Jaan Kross Jaan Kross (19. II 1920 \u2013 27. XII 2007) was one of the best-known Estonian prose writers, and a poet, essayist and translator. He was born in Tallinn, the …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":43,"featured_media":0,"parent":498,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1884","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/ewod\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1884","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/ewod\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/ewod\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/ewod\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/43"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/ewod\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1884"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/ewod\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1884\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3195,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/ewod\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1884\/revisions\/3195"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/ewod\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/498"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/ewod\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1884"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}