{"id":1706,"date":"2024-04-03T23:41:47","date_gmt":"2024-04-03T20:41:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/ewod\/smuul\/"},"modified":"2024-04-04T00:06:30","modified_gmt":"2024-04-03T21:06:30","slug":"smuul","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/ewod\/s\/smuul\/","title":{"rendered":"Juhan Smuul"},"content":{"rendered":"

\n\tPoems<\/a>\u00a0<\/strong>\"\"<\/a><\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tShort stories<\/strong><\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tPlays<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tNon-fiction<\/strong><\/a><\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tAbout Juhan Smuul<\/strong><\/a><\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t
\u00a0\n<\/p>\n

Juhan Smuul (born Johannes Schmuul, also used the pen name Juhan Schmuul until 1954, 18. II 1922 \u2013 13. IV 1971) was an Estonian poet, prose writer and playwright.<\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tSmuul was born on Muhu island, in Koguva village to a family of farmers who had been freed from serfdom already in 1532, which was at the time unprecedented in Estonia. From 1930-1936, he studied at Piiri primary school in Muhu, after this for a short while at J\u00e4neda Agriculture School, which he did not finish due to falling ill with tuberculosis. This was the end of Smuul\u2019s formal education. He spent the rest of his time mainly on his home island until he was drafted into the Red Army in 1941. At first, he was stationed at a labor battalion in the Ural Mountains, where he again fell ill, after which he was stationed to the reserve regiment of the Estonian Rifle Corps and spent the final years of the war in Moscow and Leningrad.<\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tAfter the Second World War, Smuul played an important role in the cultural and political life of Estonia. From 1944-1945, he was deputy editor-in-chief of the culture newspaper Sirp ja Vasar<\/em>, from 1946, he was the editor-in-chief of the youth magazine Pioneer<\/em> and from 1947, he worked as a freelance writer. From 1953-1971, he was the chairman of the Estonian Writers\u2019 Union. From 1951, he was a member of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union; from 1956-1958 and 1960-1966, a member of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Estonia; from 1955-1959, a deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic (ESSR); from 1958-1966, a deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union. As a writer favored by the authorities, he could satisfy his passion for travel: in 1955, he took a herring drifter to the North Atlantic; from 1957-1959, he took part in the Soviet scientific expedition to the Antarctic; in 1959, he sailed the East Sea on a research vessel; in 1960, he visited Svalbard and as a tourist and member of Soviet culture delegations, he traveled to many European and African countries. He was the Merited Writer of the ESSR in 1955; in 1965, the People\u2019s Writer of the ESSR in 1965, he received the Stalin Prize in 1952, the Lenin Prize in 1961, the Soviet Estonian State Prize in 1949, 1950 and 1959. He was married to translator Ita Saks, poet Debora Vaarandi and philologist and radio editor Ellen Noot. He died in Tallinn and is buried at Metsakalmistu cemetery.<\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tSmuul\u2019s development as a person and writer was influenced by his experience in the Second World War. Smuul started out as a poet, his poetry collections Karm noorus<\/em> (\u2018Harsh Youth\u2019, 1946) and Et \u00f5unapuud \u00f5itseksid<\/em> (\u2018May the Apple Trees Bloom\u2019, 1951) and his long poems Tormi Poeg<\/em> (\u2018Son of the Storm\u2019, 1947) and J\u00e4rvesuu poiste brigaad<\/em> (\u2018The Boys\u2019 Brigade of J\u00e4rvesuu\u2019, 1948) gave him important standing in the post-war Estonian poetry scene. His devices were realistic and both his motifs as well as his folksy, spontaneous style were influenced by later folklore. Smuul depicted the life of the people living on the coast and the nature of the place, as well as the success of communist ideology in the collective consciousness, for example in the long poem Mina \u2013 kommunistlik noor<\/em> (\u2018I \u2013 Communist Youth\u2019). For Stalin\u2019s 70th birthday, he wrote the Poeem Stalinile<\/em> (\u2018Poem to Stalin\u2019, 1949) and after the dictator\u2019s death, he penned the mourning poem Stalin<\/em>. After becoming more removed from political topics, the lyric collections Mere ja taeva vahel<\/em> (\u2018Between the Sea and Heaven\u2019, 1959) and Merelaulud. Tormipoeg<\/em> (\u2018Songs of the Sea. Son of the Storm\u2019, 1961) were published.<\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tModern literary researchers tend to think that young Smuul\u2019s belief in Stalinist communism was sincere. He became increasingly distant from it in mid-1950s when his works became more centered on prose and drama and the declarative propaganda focus receded, giving way to folksy, often humorous realism and broad humanist reflections. His short story collection Kirjad S\u00f5gedate k\u00fclast<\/em> (\u2018Letters from the Village of the Mad\u2019, 1955) used Smuul\u2019s birthplace as subject-matter. In 1966, a film by the same name was screened (directed by J\u00fcri M\u00fc\u00fcr). His humorist story Muhulaste imelikud juhtumised Tallinna juubelilaulupeol<\/em> (\u2018The Strange Occurrences of Muhu People at the Tallinn Jubilee Song Festival\u2019, 1967) was very popular as well. His short prose collection Muhu monoloogid<\/em> (\u2018Monologues from Muhu\u2019, 1968) continues in the same vein. The comedy film Siin me oleme!<\/em> (\u2018Here We Are!\u2019, 1978) is based on its stories and is one of the most popular movies in Estonia, the catchphrases of which are still used to this day.<\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tSmuul\u2019s travelogue of the Antarctic called J\u00e4ine raamat<\/em> (\u2018Icy Book\u2019, 1958) has an important place among his works as similarly to his short prose, it also has colorful character descriptions in addition to contemplations on the life and fate of man. The travelogue is one of the most translated works of Estonian literature and has often been published together with Smuul\u2019s other travelogue Jaapani meri, detsember<\/em> (\u2018Sea of Japan, December\u2019, 1963).<\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tIn his later years, Smuul became a successful playwright. His drama Lea<\/em> (1959) was remarkable at its time because it depicted the religious, who were hiding a Soviet activist from the fascists, in a positive light. The plays Kihnu J\u00f5nn ehk Metskapten<\/em> (\u2018Kihnu J\u00f5nn or Forest Captain\u2019, 1964), a telling of the life story of a legendary 19th century captain from Kihnu island, and the monologue comedy Polkovniku lesk ehk Arstid ei tea midagi<\/em> (\u2018The Colonel\u2019s Widow or Doctors Know Nothing\u2019, 1965) became particularly popular. These two plays are performed in Estonian theaters to this day and in modern times, remain Smuul\u2019s most well-known works. The film Metskapten<\/em> (\u2018Forest Captain\u2019, 1971, directed by Kalju Komissarov) was based on Kihnu J\u00f5nn<\/em>. At the time, the film Keskp\u00e4evane praam<\/em> (\u2018Midday Ferry\u2019, 1967, directed by Kaljo Kiisk) based on Smuul\u2019s script was popular as well.<\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tThe Muhu museum is situated in Juhan Smuul\u2019s childhood farm on Muhu island. In 1990, a 3.5-meter sculpture was raised in his memory in Kadrioru park in Tallinn (sculptor T\u00f5nu Maarand) that was relocated to Koguva village in Muhu in 2006. The Writers House in Tallinn also houses Smuul\u2019s bas-relief. In Tallinn and Kuressaare, there are streets named after Juhan Smuul. The Estonian literature annual prize was also named after him from 1971-1990 (in 1995, it was renamed the Literature Endowment Annual Award).<\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tS. V. (Translated by A. S.)<\/span><\/em><\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

Books in Estonian<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tPoems<\/em><\/strong><\/span>
Juhan Schmuul, Karm noorus. Luuletusi 1943-1945<\/strong>. Tallinn: Ilukirjandus ja Kunst, 1946, 88 lk.<\/span>
Juhan Schmuul, Tormi poeg<\/strong>. Poeem. Tallinn: Ilukirjandus ja Kunst, 1947, 118 lk.<\/span>
Juhan Schmuul, J\u00e4rvesuu poiste brigaad. Luuletusi ja poeeme 1946-48<\/strong>. Tallinn: Ilukirjandus ja Kunst, 1948, 120 lk.<\/span>
Juhan Schmuul, Poeem Stalinile<\/strong>. Toimetanud Paul Rummo. Tallinn: Eesti Riiklik Kirjastus, 1949, 75 lk.<\/span>
Juhan Schmuul, Et \u00f5unapuud \u00f5itseksid<\/strong>. Tallinn: Eesti Riiklik Kirjastus, 1951, 128 lk.<\/span>
Juhan Schmuul, Mina \u2013 kommunistlik noor<\/strong>. Tallinn: Eesti Riiklik Kirjastus, 1953, 156 lk.<\/span>
Juhan Schmuul, Luuletused, poeemid<\/strong>. Tallinn: Eesti Riiklik Kirjastus, 1953, 191 lk.<\/span>
Mere ja taeva vahel. Luuletusi<\/strong>. Tallinn: Eesti Riiklik Kirjastus, 1959, 72 lk.<\/span>
Merelaulud; Tormipoeg<\/strong>. Tallinn: Eesti Riiklik Kirjastus, 1961, 188 lk.<\/span>
Luuletused ja poeemid<\/strong>. Tallinn: Eesti Raamat, 1966, 222 lk.<\/span>
J\u00e4rvesuu poiste brigaad<\/strong>. Tallinn: Eesti Raamat, 1975, 63 lk.<\/span>
Juhan Smuul<\/strong>. Koostanud \u00dclo Tonts. Tallinn: Eesti Raamat, 1976, 172 lk. [Sari \u2018V\u00e4ike luuleraamat\u2019.]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tStories<\/span><\/em><\/strong>
Kirjad S\u00f5gedate k\u00fclast<\/strong>. Tallinn: Eesti Riiklik Kirjastus, 1955, 224 lk. [Novellid. J\u00e4rgnevad tr\u00fckid: 1958, 1967, 1972, 1981, 1982, 1988.]<\/span>
Muhulaste imelikud juhtumised Tallinna juubelilaulupeol; \u00dcks Norra mere kiri<\/strong>. Tallinn: Eesti Riiklik Kirjastus, 1957, 126 lk. [J\u00e4rgnevad tr\u00fckid: 1963, 1967, 1972, 1981, 1989.]<\/span>
Meremees Murka<\/strong>. Tallinn: Eesti Riiklik Kirjastus, 1958, 55 lk. [J\u00e4rgnevad tr\u00fckid: 1972, 1986, 1989, 2007.]<\/span>
Muhu monoloogid; Polkovniku lesk<\/strong>. Tallinn: Eesti Raamat, 1968, 135 lk. [\u2018Muhu monoloogide\u2019 j\u00e4rgnevad tr\u00fckid: 1972, 1981, 1982, 1982, 1989, 1998, 2007.]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tStage and screenplays<\/em><\/strong>
Atlandi ookean<\/strong>. N\u00e4idend 4 vaatuses. Tallinn: Eesti Riiklik Kirjastus, 1957, 67 lk. [J\u00e4rgnevad tr\u00fckid: 1972, 1990.]
Lea<\/strong>. Draama 3 vaatuses. Tallinn: Eesti Riiklik Kirjastus, 1960, 60 lk. [J\u00e4rgnevad tr\u00fckid: 1972, 1979, 1990, 2006.]
Kihnu J\u00f5nn, ehk, Metskapten<\/strong>. Lavat\u00fckk lauludega. Tallinn: Eesti Raamat, 1965, 136 lk. [J\u00e4rgnevad tr\u00fckid: 1972, 1979, 1990.]
Keskp\u00e4evane praam<\/strong>. Filmistsenaarium. Tallinn: Eesti Raamat, 1968, 86 lk. [2. tr\u00fckk: 1990.]
Muhu monoloogid; Polkovniku lesk<\/strong>. Tallinn: Eesti Raamat, 1968, 135 lk. [\u2018Polkovniku lese\u2019 j\u00e4rgnevad tr\u00fckid: 1972, 1990.]
Enne kui saabuvad rebased (Pingviinide elu)<\/strong>. N\u00e4item\u00e4ng kahes osas laulude, probleemide ja antistriptiisiga. Tallinn: Eesti Raamat, 1969, 76 lk. [j\u00e4rgnevad tr\u00fckid: 1972, 1990.]
Juhan Smuul, Kalju Komissarov, Metskapten<\/strong>. Re\u017eiistsenaarium. Tallinn: Tallinnfilm, 1971, 140 lk.<\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tNon-fiction<\/em><\/strong>
J\u00e4ine raamat<\/strong>. Antarktise-reisi p\u00e4evik. Tallinn: Eesti Riiklik Kirjastus, 1959, 280 lk. [J\u00e4rgnevad tr\u00fckid: 1962, 1965, 1972, 1981, 1989.]
Jaapani meri, detsember<\/strong>. Tallinn: Eesti Riiklik Kirjastus, 1963, 144 lk. [J\u00e4rgnevad tr\u00fckid: 1965, 1972, 1981, 1989.]
Kui pole lennuilma. K\u00f5ned, artiklid, laastud<\/strong>. Tallinn: Eesti Riiklik Kirjastus, 1963, 191 lk.
Autobiograafia<\/strong>. Tallinn: Eesti Raamat, 1982, 22 lk.<\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tSelected works<\/em>
Valus valgus. Luuletused, poeemid, n\u00e4idendid<\/strong>. Koostanud Juhan Smuul. Tallinn: Eesti Raamat, 1972, 640 lk. [Sisaldab n\u00e4idendeid \u2018Atlandi ookean\u2019, \u2018Lea\u2019, \u2018Kihnu J\u00f5nn\u2019, \u2018Polkovniku lesk\u2019, \u2018Enne kui saabuvad rebased\u2019.]
Hea meremeeste Hoidja. Proosa<\/strong>. Koostanud Juhan Smuul.\u00a0Tallinn: Eesti Raamat, 1972, 718 lk. [Sisu: \u2018Surmalaul\u2019, \u2018Kirjad s\u00f5gedate k\u00fclast\u2019, \u2018Ookeani pale\u2019, \u2018Muhu monoloogid\u2019, \u2018Muhulaste imelikud juhtumised Tallinna juubelilaulupeol\u2019, \u2018J\u00e4ine raamat\u2019, \u2018Jaapani meri, detsember\u2019. 2. tr\u00fckk: 1981.]
Valik luulet ja proosat<\/strong>. Koostanud \u00dclo Tonts. Tallinn: Eesti Raamat, 1982, 280 lk. [Sari \u2018Kooli kirjavara\u2019. Sisu: valik luulest, novell \u2018Surmalaul\u2019, \u2018Kirjad S\u00f5gedate k\u00fclast\u2019, \u2018Muhu monoloogid\u2019, publitsistikast kirjapanekud \u2018Inimestest, raamatutest, merest\u2019, ankeedivastus ajakirjale \u2018Keel ja Kirjandus\u2019, \u2018Paar kildu s\u00f5jap\u00e4evilt\u2019, vastused ajalehe \u2018Noorte H\u00e4\u00e4l\u2019 lugejate k\u00fcsimustele, \u2018Lenin minu elus\u2019, \u2018Aja tunnetus kirjanduses\u2019.]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tCollected works: Teosed 1986-1990<\/em><\/strong><\/span>
1. k\u00f6ide. Luuletused. L\u00fchipoeemid<\/strong>. Koostanud ja j\u00e4rels\u00f5na: \u00dclo Tonts. Tallinn: Eesti Raamat, 1986, 287 lk.<\/span>
2. k\u00f6ide. Poeemid<\/strong>. Koostanud, kommenteerinud ja j\u00e4rels\u00f5na kirjutanud \u00dclo Tonts. Tallinn: Eesti Raamat, 1987, 284 lk.<\/span>
3. k\u00f6ide. Proosa 1<\/strong>. Koostanud ja j\u00e4rels\u00f5na: \u00dclo Tonts. Tallinn: Eesti Raamat, 1988, 445 lk. [Sisu: novell \u2018Kolm tundi\u2019, poolelij\u00e4\u00e4nud romaan \u2018Endel Kangur\u2019, \u2018Kirjad S\u00f5gedate k\u00fclast\u2019.]<\/span>
4. k\u00f6ide. Proosa 2<\/strong>. Koostanud ja j\u00e4rels\u00f5na: \u00dclo Tonts. Tallinn: Eesti Raamat, 1989, 461 lk. [Sisu: \u2018Muhulaste imelikud juhtumised Tallinna juubelilaulupeol\u2019, \u2018Meremees Murka\u2019, \u2018J\u00e4ine raamat\u2019.]<\/span>
5. k\u00f6ide. Proosa 3<\/strong>. Koostanud ja j\u00e4rels\u00f5na: \u00dclo Tonts. Tallinn: Eesti Raamat, 1989, 303 lk. [Sisu: \u2018Surmalaul\u2019, \u2018Jaapani meri, detsember\u2019, \u2018Muhu monoloogid\u2019, poolelij\u00e4\u00e4nud romaan \u2018M\u00f5rv Rannu teemajas\u2019.]<\/span>
6. k\u00f6ide. N\u00e4idendid; Filmistsenaarium<\/strong>. Koostanud ja j\u00e4rels\u00f5na \u00dclo Tonts. Tallinn: Eesti Raamat, 1990, 463 lk. [Sisu: \u2018Atlandi ookean\u2019, \u2018Lea \u2018, \u2018Kihnu J\u00f5nn ehk Metskapten\u2019, \u2018Polkovniku lesk ehk Arstid ei tea midagi\u2019, \u2018Keskp\u00e4evane praam\u2019, \u2018Enne kui saabuvad rebased (Pingviinide elu)\u2019.]<\/span>
7. k\u00f6ide. Publitsistika<\/strong>. Koostanud ja j\u00e4rels\u00f5na: \u00dclo Tonts. Tallinn: Eesti Raamat, 1990, 333 lk.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u00a0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Poems\u00a0 Short stories Plays Non-fiction About Juhan Smuul \u00a0 Juhan Smuul (born Johannes Schmuul, also used the pen name Juhan Schmuul until 1954, 18. II 1922 \u2013 13. IV 1971) was an Estonian poet, prose writer and playwright. Smuul was …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":43,"featured_media":0,"parent":697,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1706","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/ewod\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1706","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/ewod\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/ewod\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/ewod\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/43"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/ewod\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1706"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/ewod\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1706\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3373,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/ewod\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1706\/revisions\/3373"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/ewod\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/697"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/ewod\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1706"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}