{"id":1309,"date":"2024-04-03T23:41:07","date_gmt":"2024-04-03T20:41:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/ewod\/helle\/"},"modified":"2024-04-04T00:07:38","modified_gmt":"2024-04-03T21:07:38","slug":"helle","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/ewod\/h\/helle\/","title":{"rendered":"Anton Thor Helle"},"content":{"rendered":"

\n\tWorks<\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\n<\/p>\n

\n\tAnton Thor Helle (1683 \u2013 24.\/13. IV 1748) was a Baltic-German theologian, linguist and Bible translator. The complete translation of the Bible into North Estonian under his supervision, which appeared in 1739, was the chief model for the Estonian literary language for at least the next century.<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tThor Helle (\u2018Thor\u2019\u00a0is a particle, like \u2018von\u2019\u00a0or \u2018de\u2019) was born in Tallinn, the son of a German merchant. He attended the Tallinn Gymnasium ad studied theology at the University of Kiel. From 1713 he worked as pastor of the parish of J\u00fcri, near Tallinn, where in 1721 he established a sacristan school. In 1715 he was elected Assessor of the Consistorium of Estonia. In 1740 he also became pastor of Kose, and in 1742 was made Dean of Ida-Harjumaa county.<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tThe New Testament appeared for the first time in its entirely in the South Estonian language (Wastne Testament<\/em>) in 1686, in North Estonian in 1715. The main translator of the latter was Eberhard Gutsleff senior. In 1729 second print of the North Estonian translation was published which was thoroughly revised by Thor Helle and Heinrich Gutsleff (son of Eberhard Gutsleff senior). Thor Helle, H. Gutsleff and his brother Eberhard Gutsleff junior belonged to a group of Pietist pastors active in Tallinn and its environs at the beginning of the 18th century who knew Estonian well and were enthusiastically devoted to propagating the Word of God and spiritual literature in Estonian. As a result of this group\u2019s activity, in 1739 the first translation of the entire Bible into Estonian appeared on the initiative and under the leadership of Anton Thor Helle. There were many translators, and Thor Helle translated only some parts, but he did edit and collate the whole translation.<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tA prerequisite for translating the Bible was to compile a new prescriptive Estonian grammar to be used in the translation. Thor Helle began writing his Kurzgefa\u00dfte Anweisung zur Ehstnischen Sprache<\/em> (\u2018Concise Guide to the Estonian Language\u2019) in 1713, but since he was occupied with editing the Bible translation, his clerical colleagues, mainly Eberhard Gutsleff junior, contributed to compiling the grammar. The grammar appeared in 1732, 419 pages long. It also contains proverbs, sayings, riddles, names for flora and a list of Tallinn street-names and Estonian parishes, as well as an Estonian dictionary. The ten instructive tales in dialogue form at the end of the grammar, written by Thor Helle, Eberhard Gutsleff junior and others, may be regarded as the beginning of narrative writing in Estonian.<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tLargely, albeit with several alternations, the 1729 Bible translation and the aforementioned grammar follow the so-called old orthography, which had been inaugurated in 1693 by the Forselius \/ Hornung grammar. For more than a century the Bible translation applied the orthographic standard. In the mid-19th century the criticism of the old orthography began, because of its German-based origin and its unnaturalness, and as a result of Eduard Ahrens\u2019 work, the new orthography, based on Finnish grammar, came into being, largely supplanting the old one by the late eighteen-seventies. Thor Helle\u2019s translation, however, remained as the Estonian Bible until the mid-20th century. An edition of the same translation in the new orthography appeared in 1889, but the full new Bible translation only appeared in 1968. The appearance of Thor Helle\u2019s Bible translation also meant that the South Estonian written language, having been in an equal position with the North Estonian literary language, began to be marginalised, and it was the North Estonian language that became the basis of the unified Estonian literary language.<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tThor Helle directed the development of the Estonian language with other books as well. For example, with his participation, beginning in 1700-1702 there appeared Ma Kele Koddo- nink Kirko-Ramat<\/em> (\u2018The Home and Church Book in the Vernacular\u2019), reissued in 1721 in a revised form, and by 1850, altogether 46 reprints of it had appeared. The editorial board of this handbook also published a translation of a work by the German Pietist J.A. Freylinghausen, Jummala Nou Inimesse iggawestesse \u00f5nnistussest<\/em> (\u2018God\u2019s advice to Humanity for Eternal Blessing\u2019, 1727).<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

S. V. (Translated by C. M.)<\/em>\n<\/p>\n

Works in Estonian<\/span><\/strong><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tKurtzgefaszte Anweisung Zur Ehstnischen Sprache<\/strong>, in welcher mitgetheilet werden I. Eine GRAMMATICA. II. Ein VOCABULARIUM. III. PROVERBIA. IV. AENIGMATA. V. COLLOQUIA. Zuv\u00f6rderst Denen, welche das Evangelium Christi der Ehstnischen Nation deutlich und verst\u00e4ndlich zu predigen von GOtt beruffen werden; \u2026 Zur Anleitung Mit Fleisz zusammen getragen; un nebst einem erwecklichen Sendschreiben Herrn D. Joh. Jacob Rambachs, \u2026 an den EDITOREM, Auf Gutbefinden des Herrn AUTORIS [Anton thor Helle], mit einer Vorrede herausgegeben von Eberhard Gutsleff, Diacono bey der Ehstnischen Stadt-Gemeine in Reval. Tallinn: Eestimaa Konsistooriumi kirjastuskassa, 1732, 42+419 lk.
L\u00fchike sissejuhatus eesti keelde 1732<\/strong>. Saksa keelest t\u00f5lkinud ja j\u00e4rels\u00f5nad kirjutanud Annika Kilgi ja Kristiina Ross. Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus, 2006, 540 lk. [\u2018Kurtzgefaszte Anweisung Zur Ehstnischen Sprache\u2019.]<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tAs an editor<\/em><\/strong>
Eesti-Ma Kele Koddo- ning Kirko-Ramat<\/strong>.\u00a0Mis sees on I. \u00d6nsa \u00d6ppetaja Luterusse Katekismus l\u00fchhikesse Selletussega; II. Keik Ewangeliummid ja Epistlid, ning ka 1. Meie Issanda Jesusse Kristusse Kannataminne ning Surm; 2.Jerusalemma Li\u00f1na \u00c4rrarikminne; III. \u00dcks Laulo-Ramat; ning IV. \u00dcks Palwe-Ramat; Jummala Auuks, ning Eesti-Ma Rahwa \u00d6ppetusseks walmistud. Tr\u00fckkitud 1721. Aastal. Tallinn: Eestimaa Konsistooriumi kirjastuskassa, 1721, 40+288+306+34+94 lk.\u00a0
Meie Issanda JESUSSE KRISTUSSE uus Testament<\/strong> ehk Ue Se\u00e4dusse Ramat, mis p\u00e4rrast Meie \u00d6nnisteggia S\u00fcndimist neist p\u00fchhaist Ewangelistidest ja Apostlidest on \u00fclleskirjotud, ja n\u00fc\u00fcd Ma Kele selgeste \u00fcllespandud, ja teiste p\u00fchha kirja paikadega \u00e4rraselletud; Ning ka Ausa Keisrilikko Ma Kunstoriummi Maenitsussed, mis Ma- ja Saksa Kele on seie ettepandud. Teistkorda tr\u00fckkis Joan K\u00f6ler. Tallinn: Eestimaa Konsistooriumi kirjastuskassa, 1729, 46+832 lk. [2. tr\u00fckk.]
Piibli Ramat<\/strong>, se on keik se Jummala Sanna, mis P\u00fchhad Jummala Mehhed, kes p\u00fchha Waimo l\u00e4bbi juhhatud, Wanna Se\u00e4dusse Ramatusse Ebrea Kele ja Ue Se\u00e4dusse Ramatusse Kreka Kele essite on \u00fclleskirjotanud, n\u00fc\u00fcd agga hopis, Jummala armo l\u00e4bbi, meie Eesti- Ma Kele Essimest korda \u00fcllespandud, ja mitme s\u00fcndsa salmiga \u00e4rraselletud. Essimesses otsas on \u00dcks \u00f6ppetus ja maenitsus nende heaks, kes Jummala sanna omma hinge kassuks p\u00fc\u00fcdwad luggeda. TALLINNAS, Tr\u00fckkis sedda Jakob Joan K\u00f6ler. 1739. Aastal. Tallinn: 1739, 14+1087+308 lk.<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u00a0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Works \u00a0 Anton Thor Helle (1683 \u2013 24.\/13. IV 1748) was a Baltic-German theologian, linguist and Bible translator. The complete translation of the Bible into North Estonian under his supervision, which appeared in 1739, was the chief model for the …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":43,"featured_media":0,"parent":599,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1309","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/ewod\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1309","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/ewod\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/ewod\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/ewod\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/43"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/ewod\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1309"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/ewod\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1309\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3775,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/ewod\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1309\/revisions\/3775"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/ewod\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/599"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/ewod\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1309"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}