{"id":1027,"date":"2024-04-03T23:40:41","date_gmt":"2024-04-03T20:40:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/ewod\/wuolijoki\/"},"modified":"2024-04-04T00:08:24","modified_gmt":"2024-04-03T21:08:24","slug":"wuolijoki","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/ewod\/w\/wuolijoki\/","title":{"rendered":"Hella Wuolijoki"},"content":{"rendered":"

\n\tPoems <\/span><\/strong><\/a>\"Hella<\/a>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tNovels<\/span><\/strong><\/a>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tPlays<\/span><\/strong><\/a>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tNon-fiction<\/span><\/strong><\/a>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tAbout Hella Wuolijoki<\/span><\/strong><\/a>\n<\/p>\n

\u00a0\n<\/p>\n

\n\tHella Wuolijoki (until 1908 Ella Marie Murrik; pseudonym Juhani Tervap\u00e4\u00e4; 22. VII 1886 \u2013 2. II 1954) was a playwright and prose-writer writing in Finnish, and a public figure in Finland.<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tShe was born on the former premises of the Ala tavern in Helme parish. Her father, Ernst Murrik, was a parish clerk and schoolteacher. Her mother, Katarina Murrik, earned a supplement to her husband\u2019s teaching salary by keeping the Ala tavern. In 1897 the Murrik family moved to Valga, where Ernst Murrik kept a bookshop for a while. The future writer began her studies at Valga girls\u2019 school in 1897. From 1901 to 1904 she attended the Pushkin Girls\u2019 Gymnasium on Riia street in Tartu, where she graduated with a gold medal. With the help of the first Estonian to gain a doctorate in folk poetry at the University of Helsinki, Oskar Kallas, the future writer carried on her studies in Helsinki. In 1904 she entered the faculty of philosophy at the University of Helsinki to study folklore, aesthetics and history. In 1908, on the basis of a cycle of folk poems, she compiled a study, Vaenelaps ema haual<\/em> (\u2018The Orphan at Her Mother\u2019s Grave\u2019) and graduated from the University of Helsinki with a master\u2019s degree in philology. In the same year she married Sulo Wuolijoki (1881-1957), who was a close friend of Lenin. They were divorced in 1923.
\u00a0
From 1914 onward, Wuolijoki was also active as a businesswoman, being especially successful in the field of forestry. From 1931 to 1937 she directed the company Suomalainen Nafta Oy. In the twenties and thirties she participated in Finnish politics, supporting left-wing movements. In 1943 Wuolijoki was charged with treason and with long-term espionage for the Soviet Union, and was sentenced to life imprisonment. However, as early as 1944, the political conditions having changed, Wuolijoki was released. From 1945 to 1948 she was a member of the Finnish parliament and from 1945 to 1949 director-general of Yleisradio<\/em> (Finnish national broadcast). She never became a member of the Communist Party. Her sister Salme Murrik was an influential founding member of the Communist Party of Great Britain, and her grandchild Erkki Tuomioja is an experienced Social Democrat, a long-serving member of parliament, and Foreign Minister from 2000 to 2007 and 2011 to 2015.<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tUntil 1932, that is, her 46th year, Hella Wuolijoki was an Estonian writer, who was known for her novel Udutagused<\/em> (\u2018Those Beyond the Fog\u2019, 1914), and for her play Koidula<\/em> (1932), which caused plenty of controversy. From that year she started to write consistently in Finnish and on Finnish subjects. The transfer from Estonian to the use of Finnish occurred over a fairly long period in which she wrote in both languages. She had made her first attempt at a short story in Finnish in the twenties. That story was \u2018The lady and the smith\u2019s wife and Liisu\u2019 which appeared in 1922 in the journal Suomen Kuvalehti<\/em>.<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tWuolijoki\u2019s career culminated in the cycle of \u201cNiskavuori\u201d plays, consisting of the following works: Niskavuoren naiset<\/em>\u00a0 (\u2018The Women of Niskavuori\u2019, 1933), Niskavuoren leip\u00e4<\/em> (\u2018Bread of Niskavuori\u2019, 1938), Niskavuoren nuori em\u00e4nt\u00e4<\/em> (\u2018The Young Mistress of Niskavuori\u2019, 1940), Niskavuoren Heta<\/em> (\u2018Heta of Niskavuori\u2019, 1950) and Ent\u00e4s nyt, Niskavuori?<\/em> (\u2018What now, Niskavuori\u2019, 1953). It was the first of these, Niskavuoren naiset<\/em>, that achieved the greatest popularity.<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tThe Niskavuori cycle offers a cross-section of a half-century in one Finnish village, but primarily it is the story of one family. Lively and juicy characters, and universal human problems that remain from one period to another, make this story a people\u2019s theatre in the best sense of the word. That is why the Niskavuori stories have been very popular in Estonia as well as a phenomenal success in Finland over the years.<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tWuolijoki wrote one play in collaboration with the German playwright Bertolt Brecht. Wuolijoki\u2019s Finnish-themed comedy Iso-Heikkil\u00e4n is\u00e4nt\u00e4 ja h\u00e4nen renkins\u00e4 Kalle<\/em> (\u2018The Master of Iso-Heikkil\u00e4 and His Servant Kalle\u2019, 1946) bears the title Herr Puntila und sein Knecht Matti<\/em> (\u2018Mr Puntila and his Man Matti\u2019) in Brecht\u2019s treatment of it.<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tThere is a characteristic vitality about Hella Wuolijoki\u2019s work. In her plays she created several strong female characters.<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tL. P. (Translated by C. M.)<\/span><\/span><\/em>\n<\/p>\n

Books in Estonian<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Plays<\/em><\/strong>
Talulapsed. Kolmewaatusline n\u00e4idend<\/strong>. Tallinn: Maa, 1912, 150 lk.
Koidula<\/strong>. N\u00e4idend naisest, kes tahtis olla nagu teisedki naised. Tallinn: Eesti Haridusliit, 1932, 137 lk.
Dr. Lucius ja Luuletaja<\/strong>. Toimetaja J\u00fcri Talvet. Tartu: Tartu \u00dclikooli Kirjastus, 2013, 92 lk.<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tNovels<\/span><\/span><\/em><\/strong>
Udutagused<\/strong>. Tallinn: Maa, 1914, 180 lk.
Udutaguste Leeni Tartus<\/strong>. Tallinn: Vaba Maa, 1933, 292 lk.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Poetry<\/em><\/strong>
S\u00f5ja laul<\/strong>. Kokku seatud Hurti wanawarakogudes leiduwate teisendite j\u00e4rgi. Tallinn: Maa, 1915, 46 lk.<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tAbout Hella Wuolijoki<\/em><\/strong>
Oskar Kruus, Hella Wuolijoki<\/strong>. Tallinn: Virgela, 1999, 302 lk.
J\u00fcri Talvet, Unustatud algus: Hella Wuolijoe filosoofiline n\u00e4idend \u201cDr. Lucius ja Luuletaja\u201d<\/strong>. \u2013<\/span><\/span> Hella Wuolijoki, Dr. Lucius ja Luuletaja.<\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/span>Tartu: T\u00dc Kirjastus, 2013, lk 73-91.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Poems Novels Plays Non-fiction About Hella Wuolijoki \u00a0 Hella Wuolijoki (until 1908 Ella Marie Murrik; pseudonym Juhani Tervap\u00e4\u00e4; 22. VII 1886 \u2013 2. II 1954) was a playwright and prose-writer writing in Finnish, and a public figure in Finland. She …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":43,"featured_media":0,"parent":746,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1027","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/ewod\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1027","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/ewod\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/ewod\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/ewod\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/43"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/ewod\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1027"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/ewod\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1027\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4049,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/ewod\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1027\/revisions\/4049"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/ewod\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/746"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/ewod\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1027"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}