{"id":241,"date":"2025-02-28T12:35:50","date_gmt":"2025-02-28T10:35:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/esterra\/?page_id=241"},"modified":"2025-03-07T13:21:07","modified_gmt":"2025-03-07T11:21:07","slug":"loosi-kalmistu-ja-kabeliase","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/esterra\/loosi-kalmistu-ja-kabeliase\/","title":{"rendered":"Loosi kalmistu ja kabeliase"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Marie Anna Blehner, Heiki Valk<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tartu \u00dclikool<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Varasemate leidude p\u00f5hjal oli teada, et Vastseliina kihelkonnas Loosil asub keskaegse Ugandi\u2013Pihkva maanteega seotud kabelikoht. Vanimad ohvrim\u00fcndid n\u00e4itasid, et kabel on seal olnud juba 13. sajandi keskpaiku. 2023. aasta kaevamistega, mis l\u00f5petati 2024. aasta kevadel, sooviti kindlaks teha, kas kabelist on midagi s\u00e4ilinud ja kuiv\u00f5rd sarnaneb \u00fcmbruskonna tollane kultuuripilt Misso l\u00e4hedal asuva Siks\u00e4l\u00e4 kalme omaga. 2023. aasta proovikaevamistel hoone vundamendi j\u00e4\u00e4nuseid ei leitud, kuid juba k\u00fcnnikihis leidus rohkesti luut\u00fckke, sealhulgas p\u00f5lenud luukilde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ligi poole meetri s\u00fcgavusel tulid n\u00e4htavale keskaegse k\u00fclakalmistu luustikud, kusjuures varasemad matused olid sageli hilisematega l\u00f5hutud. Kokku leiti kahest v\u00e4ikesest kaevandist 41 peamiselt keskaegset matust, sealhulgas viie mehe, kolmeteistk\u00fcmne naise ja k\u00fcmne nooruki v\u00f5i lapse luud. Kui enamasti oli maetud kristliku kombe kohaselt peaga l\u00e4\u00e4ne poole, siis kahe lapse ja kaheksa naise pea oli suunatud itta. V\u00f5rumaa piires p\u00fcsis keskajalgi sealne muistne komme matta mehi ja naisi peaga vastassuunas. Hiliseimad matused olid Rootsi ajast.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Luustike juures oli m\u00fcnte, nuge, tuleraudu, ehteid ja pandlaid. K\u00f5ige rohkem esemeid, kokku kaksteist, leiti \u00fche 19\u201330-aastase mehe (pilt 1) luude juures. Seal olid 32 sentimeetri pikkune pussnuga, suur r\u00f5ngass\u00f5lg, v\u00e4iksem nuga, m\u00fcnt, v\u00f6\u00f6r\u00f5ngas, kaks pannalt, n\u00f5el, luust r\u00f5ngas, tulekivi, pliit\u00fckk ja mingi tundmatu ese. Teise rohkete leidudega matuse \u2013 30\u201340-aastase mehe l\u00f5ua juurde oli pandud rauast \u00f5mblusn\u00f5el. Puusa- ja reieluude \u00fclaosa piirkonnast leiti rauast v\u00f6\u00f6r\u00f5ngas, v\u00e4ike raudpannal, kaks nelinurkset raudnaastu, kaks nuga, mingi raudese ja 14. sajandi P\u00f5hja-Saksa brakteaat. Sellised m\u00fcndid olid Liivimaal ringluses 1330. ja 1370. aastate vahemikus. \u00dche l\u00f5hutud naisesuustiku vaagnaluude alt leiti spiraaltorukestest mustritega kaunistatud tagap\u00f5lle j\u00e4\u00e4nused. Radios\u00fcsinikudateeringu ja luustiku juures olnud m\u00fcndi p\u00f5hjal p\u00e4rineb matus aastate 1272\u20131313 vahemikust. V\u00f5rreldes tavaliste L\u00f5una-Eesti k\u00fclakalmistutega on \u00e4\u00e4remaadel surnutele esimestel vallutusj\u00e4rgsetel sajanditel kaasa pandud rohkem esemeid. Segatud mullast leiti veel kannus ja p\u00f5lemisj\u00e4lgedega odaots (pilt 2), mis m\u00f5lemad on V\u00f5rumaa k\u00fclakalmistute jaoks tavatud esemed. Kannus annab tunnistust 13.\u201314. sajandi piirikaitsekorraldusest Tartu piiskopkonnas. Nii nagu Misso l\u00e4histel Siks\u00e4l\u00e4 l\u00e4hikonnas, oli Liivimaa piiri \u00e4\u00e4res toimuva valvamine ka Loosi \u00fcmbruses kohalike talupoegade \u00fclesanne. See oli eriti vastutusrikas, sest valvati suure kaubatee \u00e4\u00e4res toimuvat. P\u00f5lemisj\u00e4lgedega odaotsaga seotud p\u00f5lenud luukildudest tehtud proov viitab aastate1322\u20131356 v\u00f5i 1391\u20131437 vahemikule. Ka teise, l\u00f5hutud p\u00f5letusmatuse dateering andis tulemuseks vallutusj\u00e4rgse aja \u2013 1225\u20131290 pKr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"678\" src=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/625\/DSC_4489-1-1024x678.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-339\" style=\"width:1015px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/625\/DSC_4489-1-1024x678.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/625\/DSC_4489-1-300x199.jpg 300w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/625\/DSC_4489-1-768x509.jpg 768w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/625\/DSC_4489-1-1536x1017.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/625\/DSC_4489-1-2048x1356.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/625\/DSC_4489-1-1920x1272.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\"><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Kaevamised Loosi kalmel 2023 augustis. Foto Heiki Valk<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"678\" src=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/625\/DSC_3931-1-1024x678.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-340\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/625\/DSC_3931-1-1024x678.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/625\/DSC_3931-1-300x199.jpg 300w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/625\/DSC_3931-1-768x509.jpg 768w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/625\/DSC_3931-1-1536x1017.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/625\/DSC_3931-1-2048x1356.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/625\/DSC_3931-1-1920x1272.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\"><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Kaevamised Loosi kalmel 2023 augustis. Foto Heiki Valk<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"603\" src=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/625\/Fig.-17.-RK_Illustration_2-1024x603.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-326\" style=\"width:734px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/625\/Fig.-17.-RK_Illustration_2-1024x603.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/625\/Fig.-17.-RK_Illustration_2-300x177.jpg 300w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/625\/Fig.-17.-RK_Illustration_2-768x453.jpg 768w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/625\/Fig.-17.-RK_Illustration_2-1536x905.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/625\/Fig.-17.-RK_Illustration_2-2048x1207.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/625\/Fig.-17.-RK_Illustration_2-1920x1131.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\"><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"963\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/625\/Fig.-19.-Illustr-4___1-963x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-325\" style=\"width:733px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/625\/Fig.-19.-Illustr-4___1-963x1024.jpg 963w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/625\/Fig.-19.-Illustr-4___1-282x300.jpg 282w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/625\/Fig.-19.-Illustr-4___1-768x817.jpg 768w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/625\/Fig.-19.-Illustr-4___1-1445x1536.jpg 1445w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/625\/Fig.-19.-Illustr-4___1-1926x2048.jpg 1926w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/625\/Fig.-19.-Illustr-4___1-1920x2041.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 963px) 100vw, 963px\"><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Tagap\u00f5ll l\u00f5hutud naisematuse vaagnaluude alt. R\u00f6ntgenifoto ja \u00fcks pool p\u00e4rast v\u00e4ljapuhastamist ning konserveerimist laboris.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"832\" height=\"408\" src=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/625\/Asjad-tagapoll.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-549\" style=\"width:1007px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/625\/Asjad-tagapoll.png 832w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/625\/Asjad-tagapoll-300x147.png 300w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/625\/Asjad-tagapoll-768x377.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 832px) 100vw, 832px\"><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Leide tagap\u00f5llega naise luustiku juurest. Foto Heiki Valk<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"564\" src=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/625\/Matus-30-1024x564.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-329\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/625\/Matus-30-1024x564.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/625\/Matus-30-300x165.jpg 300w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/625\/Matus-30-768x423.jpg 768w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/625\/Matus-30-1536x845.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/625\/Matus-30-2048x1127.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/625\/Matus-30-1920x1057.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\"><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Noore mehe  luustik 15. sajandist (matus 30). Foto Martin Malve<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"858\" height=\"242\" src=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/625\/PussnugaPNG.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-541\" style=\"width:994px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/625\/PussnugaPNG.png 858w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/625\/PussnugaPNG-300x85.png 300w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/625\/PussnugaPNG-768x217.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 858px) 100vw, 858px\"><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Suur pussnuga matuse 30 juurest. Foto Heiki Valk<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"853\" height=\"541\" src=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/625\/Asjad.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-531\" style=\"width:995px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/625\/Asjad.png 853w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/625\/Asjad-300x190.png 300w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/625\/Asjad-768x487.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 853px) 100vw, 853px\"><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Leide luustik 30 juurest. Foto Heiki Valk<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/625\/Fig.-15.-Oda-ja-kannusIMG_7057-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-335\" style=\"width:986px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/625\/Fig.-15.-Oda-ja-kannusIMG_7057-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/625\/Fig.-15.-Oda-ja-kannusIMG_7057-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/625\/Fig.-15.-Oda-ja-kannusIMG_7057-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/625\/Fig.-15.-Oda-ja-kannusIMG_7057-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/625\/Fig.-15.-Oda-ja-kannusIMG_7057-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/625\/Fig.-15.-Oda-ja-kannusIMG_7057-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\"><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Kannus ja p\u00f5lenud odaots Loosi kalmest. Foto Heiki Valk<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Marie Anna Blehner, Heiki Valk Tartu \u00dclikool Varasemate leidude p\u00f5hjal oli teada, et Vastseliina kihelkonnas Loosil asub keskaegse Ugandi\u2013Pihkva maanteega seotud kabelikoht. Vanimad ohvrim\u00fcndid n\u00e4itasid, et kabel on seal olnud juba 13. sajandi keskpaiku. 2023. aasta kaevamistega, mis l\u00f5petati 2024. &#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":798,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-241","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/esterra\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/241","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/esterra\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/esterra\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/esterra\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/798"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/esterra\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=241"}],"version-history":[{"count":17,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/esterra\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/241\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":583,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/esterra\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/241\/revisions\/583"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/esterra\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=241"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}