{"id":10,"date":"2024-04-04T02:58:56","date_gmt":"2024-04-03T23:58:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/eestikeel1\/oigekirjutuse-pohimotted-0\/"},"modified":"2024-04-12T12:04:21","modified_gmt":"2024-04-12T09:04:21","slug":"oigekirjutuse-pohimotted-0","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/eestikeel1\/oigekirjutuse-pohimotted-0\/","title":{"rendered":"1.1. \u00d5igekirjutuse p\u00f5him\u00f5tted"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><\/p><div class=\"accordion mb-3\">\n        <div class=\"accordion-item accordion-item--white\">\n        <h2 class=\"accordion-header\" id=\"accordion-69e4f4dd66a89-heading\">\n            <button class=\"accordion-button collapsed\" type=\"button\" data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\" data-bs-target=\"#accordion-69e4f4dd66a89-collapse\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-controls=\"accordion-69e4f4dd66a89-collapse\">M\u00f5tle, millised on eesti \u00f5igekirjutuse \u00fcldised printsiibid? (Kl\u00f5psa!)<\/button>\n        <\/h2>\n        <div id=\"accordion-69e4f4dd66a89-collapse\" class=\"accordion-collapse collapse\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-69e4f4dd66a89-heading\">\n            <div class=\"accordion-body\">\u00d5igekirja alustega tutvumiseks loe l\u00e4bi j\u00e4rgnev peat\u00fckk.<\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<p>See, milline on keele \u00f5igekiri, oleneb suuresti selle aluseks valitud p\u00f5him\u00f5tetest. \u00d5igekirjas kajastuvad normingud, mis on kokku lepitud kirjakeele paremaks kasutamiseks. Eesti \u00f5igekirja aluseks on <strong>neli printsiipi <\/strong>(Erelt, Erelt, &amp; Ross, 2007).<\/p>\n<h5>Esiteks<\/h5>\n<p><strong>Foneetiline<\/strong> ehk <strong>h\u00e4\u00e4ldusl\u00e4heduse <\/strong>printsiip on p\u00f5him\u00f5te, mis taotleb h\u00e4\u00e4likute t\u00e4pset m\u00e4rkimist kirjas. Selle kohaselt p\u00fc\u00fctakse k\u00f5iki t\u00e4hendust eristava funktsiooniga h\u00e4\u00e4likuid ehk <em>foneeme <\/em>kirjas v\u00f5imalikult t\u00e4pselt edasi anda (nt <em>ka<strong>l<\/strong>a <\/em><strong>\u2013 <\/strong><em>ka<strong>ll<\/strong>ad <\/em><strong>\u2013 <\/strong><em>ka<strong>ll<\/strong>ama<\/em><em>; v<strong>i<\/strong>li <\/em><strong>\u2013 <\/strong><em>v<strong>ii<\/strong>lid <\/em><strong>\u2013 <\/strong><em>v<strong>ii<\/strong>lima<\/em>).<\/p>\n<table class=\"table table-hover\" border=\"1\" align=\"center\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #eeeeee\">\n<td style=\"width: 250px\" align=\"center\" valign=\"top\">\n<p><strong>EESTI KEELE FONEEMID<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td align=\"center\" valign=\"top\">\n<p><strong>N<\/strong><strong>EILE VASTAVAD T\u00c4HED<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\">\n<p>A, O, U, \u00d5, \u00c4, E, I, \u00d6, \u00dc<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\">\n<p>Samad t\u00e4hed<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #eeeeee\">\n<td valign=\"top\">\n<p>L, R, M, N, V, J, H, F<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\">\n<p>Samad t\u00e4hed<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\">\n<p>P, T, K<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\">\n<p>P ja B, T ja D, K ja G<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #eeeeee\">\n<td valign=\"top\">\n<p>S, \u0160<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\">\n<p>S (harva Z), \u0160, \u017d<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\">\n<p>T-T\u00b4, S-S\u00b4, L-L\u00b4, N-N\u00b4<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\">\n<p>T(D), S, L, N<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">\n<\/p><h4><em>N\u00e4ide 1. <\/em>bra (omastav k\u00e4\u00e4ne) \u2013 s\u00f5<strong>p<\/strong>ra (osastav k\u00e4\u00e4ne)<\/h4>\n<h4>tu<strong>b<\/strong>a (nimetav k\u00e4\u00e4ne) \u2013 tu<strong>pp<\/strong>a (sisse\u00fctlev k\u00e4\u00e4ne)<\/h4>\n<h4>m\u00e4r<strong>g<\/strong> \u2013 m\u00e4r<strong>k<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p><strong>Ometi ei erista eesti keele \u00f5igekiri j\u00e4rgmisi h\u00e4\u00e4likuid:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>palataliseeritud (<em>peenendatud) <\/em>ja palataliseerimata kaash\u00e4\u00e4likuid <strong>L, T(D), S, N<\/strong> <em>(j\u00e4me pa<strong>l\u00b4<\/strong>k \u2013 k\u00f5rge pa<strong>l<\/strong>k; noo<strong>t\u00b4<\/strong>, noo<strong>d<\/strong>i \u2013 noo<strong>t<\/strong>, noo<strong>d<\/strong>a; kalala<strong>s\u00b4<\/strong>t \u2013 seda la<strong>s<\/strong>t; loo<strong>d\u00b4<\/strong>, loo<strong>d<\/strong>i \u2013 sa loo<strong>d<\/strong>; m\u00e4nguka<strong>n\u00b4n<\/strong> \u2013 kohvika<strong>nn<\/strong>);<\/em><em> <\/em><\/li>\n<li>h\u00e4\u00e4liku <strong>N <\/strong>erinevaid varjundeid, nt <strong>N <\/strong>h\u00e4\u00e4likute <strong>K <\/strong>ja <strong>G <\/strong>ees <em>(ro<strong>n<\/strong>k, pa<strong>n<\/strong>k, ko<strong>nn<\/strong>gi)<\/em>;<\/li>\n<li>siirdeh\u00e4\u00e4likuid <strong>J <\/strong>ja <strong>W <\/strong><em>(vi<strong>ia<\/strong>, k\u00e4<strong>ia<\/strong>, ka<strong>ua<\/strong>, la<strong>ua<\/strong>l, lu<strong>ua<\/strong>d)<\/em>;<\/li>\n<li>vokaalide ja diftongide ning osa konsonantide\/ konsonant\u00fchendite <strong>II <\/strong>ja <strong>III v\u00e4ldet<\/strong> <em>(k<strong>ee<\/strong>dan \u2013 tahab k<strong>ee<\/strong>da; selle l<strong>au<\/strong>lu \u2013 seda l<strong>au<\/strong>lu)<\/em>.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h5>Teiseks<\/h5>\n<p><strong>Ajalooline<\/strong> ehk <strong>traditsiooni p\u00f5him\u00f5te<\/strong> t\u00e4hendab seda, et h\u00e4\u00e4ldusest s\u00f5ltumata s\u00e4ilitatakse kokkulepitud kirjapilt ka siis, kui see ei vasta h\u00e4\u00e4ldusele. Nii ei m\u00e4rgita kirjas palatalisatsiooni,<em> <\/em>ei eristata vokaalide ja diftongide ega konsonant\u00fchendite II ja III v\u00e4ldet (vt eespool). Samuti on arvs\u00f5nade kokku- ja lahkukirjutamise reeglid s\u00e4ilinud kunagise kokkuleppe alusel ja s\u00f5naalgulist <strong>h<\/strong>-d tarvitatakse nii, nagu see Eesti Kirjameeste Seltsis 1872. a kokku lepiti<span style=\"color: #000000\"> <\/span>(Erelt, Erelt, &amp; Ross, 2007).<\/p>\n<h4><em>N\u00e4ide 2.<\/em><\/h4>\n<h4><strong>h<\/strong>obune<\/h4>\n<h4>aru \u2013 <strong>h<\/strong>aru<\/h4>\n<h4>kella<strong>ss<\/strong>epp<\/h4>\n<h4>pool p\u00e4eva \u2013 poolep\u00e4evane<\/h4>\n<h5>Kolmandaks<\/h5>\n<p>Eesti keeles j\u00e4rgitakse <strong>et\u00fcmoloogilis-morfoloogilist<\/strong> <strong>p\u00f5him\u00f5tet<\/strong>, st s\u00f5na muutevormides s\u00e4ilitatakse t\u00fcveh\u00e4\u00e4likud, s\u00f5ltumata nende h\u00e4\u00e4ldusest.<\/p>\n<h4><em>N\u00e4ide 3.<\/em><\/h4>\n<h4>k\u00e4r<strong>b<\/strong>\/es \u2013 k\u00e4r<strong>b<\/strong>\/sed<\/h4>\n<h4>um<strong>b<\/strong>\/ne \u2013 um<strong>b\/<\/strong>sed<\/h4>\n<h4>jal<strong>g<\/strong> \u2013 jal<strong>g<\/strong>\/si<\/h4>\n<h4>lii<strong>g<\/strong> \u2013 lii<strong>g<\/strong>\/sed<\/h4>\n<h4>k\u00fcn<strong>d<\/strong>\/ma \u2013 k\u00fcn<strong>d<\/strong>\/ke<\/h4>\n<h4>hoo<strong>g<\/strong>\/ne \u2013 hoo<strong>g<\/strong>\/salt<\/h4>\n<h4>mur<strong>d<\/strong>\/ma \u2013 mur<strong>d<\/strong>\/sin<\/h4>\n<h4>kan<strong>d<\/strong>\/ma \u2013 kan<strong>d\/<\/strong>ku<\/h4>\n<h4>s<strong>\u00fc\u00fc<\/strong>a<\/h4>\n<h4>m<strong>\u00fc\u00fc<\/strong>a<\/h4>\n<p>S\u00f5nade \u00fchesugune h\u00e4\u00e4ldus, kuigi vormid on erinevad, s\u00e4ilib ka j\u00e4rgmistes s\u00f5napaarides.<\/p>\n<h4><em>N\u00e4ide 4.<\/em><\/h4>\n<h4>m<strong>\u00fc\u00fc<\/strong>\/a \u2013 m<strong>\u00fc\u00fc<\/strong>\/ja<\/h4>\n<h4>k<strong>\u00e4i<\/strong>\/a \u2013 k<strong>\u00e4i<\/strong>\/ja<\/h4>\n<h4>v<strong>ii<\/strong>\/a \u2013 v<strong>ii<\/strong>\/ja<\/h4>\n<h4>ma<strong>i<\/strong>a (s\u00f5nast maias) \u2013 ma<strong>jj<\/strong>a<\/h4>\n<h5>Neljandaks<\/h5>\n<p><strong>Semantilist<\/strong> ehk <strong>t\u00e4hendusp\u00f5him\u00f5tet<\/strong>, mille j\u00e4rgi kirjapilt v\u00f5ib edasi anda erinevat t\u00e4hendust, rakendatakse s\u00f5nade kokku- ja lahkukirjutamisel.<\/p>\n<h4><em>N\u00e4ide 5.<\/em> <br><em><\/em><\/h4>\n<h4>h\u00e4rja silm \u2013 h\u00e4rjasilm<\/h4>\n<h4>v\u00e4ike mees \u2013 v\u00e4ikemees<\/h4>\n<h4>vana ema \u2013 vanaema<\/h4>\n<h4>valge krae \u2013 valgekrae<\/h4>\n<p>Samuti rakendatakse semantilist p\u00f5him\u00f5tet suure ja v\u00e4ikese algust\u00e4he m\u00e4rkimisel <em>(<strong>V<\/strong>alge <strong>M<\/strong>aja <\/em><em>\u2013 <\/em><em><strong>v<\/strong>alge <strong>m<\/strong>aja; <strong>P<\/strong>oola kirjanik \u2013 <strong>p<\/strong>oola kirjanik)<\/em>; eesti perekonnanimede eristamisel p\u00e4risnimedest <em>(<strong>M<\/strong>\u00e4gi \u2013 <strong>m<\/strong>\u00e4gi) <\/em>ja osa s\u00f5nade t\u00e4henduse eristamiseks (<em>ta<\/em><em><strong>l<\/strong>\u2013 ta<strong>ll<\/strong>; <strong>a<\/strong>llikas \u2013 <\/em><span style=\"font-size: small\"><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva\"><em><strong>h<\/strong>allikas)<\/em>.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<hr>\n<h6>Loe lisaks:<\/h6>\n<h6><\/h6>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<h6>Ehala, M. (1998). <em>Eesti kirjakeel<\/em>. Tallinn: K\u00fcnnimees.<\/h6>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h6>Erelt, T. (2005). <em>Eesti ortograafia<\/em>. Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus.<\/h6>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h6>Raadik, M. (2014). Mida uut on uues \u00f5igekeelsuss\u00f5naraamatus? <em>Oma Keel, 1.<\/em> K\u00fclastatud aadressil <a href=\"http:\/\/keeleabi.eki.ee\/pdf\/ks5_203.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/keeleabi.eki.ee\/pdf\/ks5_203.pdf<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>M\u00f5tle, millised on eesti \u00f5igekirjutuse \u00fcldised printsiibid? (Kl\u00f5psa!) \u00d5igekirja alustega tutvumiseks loe l\u00e4bi j\u00e4rgnev peat\u00fckk. See, milline on keele \u00f5igekiri, oleneb suuresti selle aluseks valitud p\u00f5him\u00f5tetest. \u00d5igekirjas kajastuvad normingud, mis on kokku lepitud kirjakeele paremaks kasutamiseks. Eesti \u00f5igekirja aluseks on &#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":89,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-10","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/eestikeel1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/10","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/eestikeel1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/eestikeel1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/eestikeel1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/89"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/eestikeel1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/eestikeel1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/10\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":150,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/eestikeel1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/10\/revisions\/150"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/eestikeel1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}