{"id":7,"date":"2024-04-04T07:39:42","date_gmt":"2024-04-04T04:39:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/edujategu10\/4-mida-oppida-spordikindluse-uuringutest\/"},"modified":"2024-05-02T10:43:51","modified_gmt":"2024-05-02T07:43:51","slug":"4-mida-oppida-spordikindluse-uuringutest","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/edujategu10\/4-mida-oppida-spordikindluse-uuringutest\/","title":{"rendered":"4. Mida on \u00f5ppida spordikindluse uuringutest?"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\" 4. MIDA ON \u00d5PPIDA SPORDIKINDLUSE UURINGUTEST?<\/span><\/h1>\n\n

\n\tKui Bandura keskendus enesekindluse sisemistele allikatele, siis Robin Vealey koos kolleegidega s\u00fcvenes sportlaste enesekindluse allikatesse ja tegi kindlaks veel teisigi kogemusi ja asjaolusid, mis enesekindlust m\u00f5jutavad. Loe spordikindluse kohta l\u00e4hemalt kastist 4. Sellele j\u00e4rgnev \u00fclesanne aitab l\u00e4bi m\u00f5elda, mil moel spordikindluse mudelis kirjeldatud allikad on m\u00f5jutanud sinu enesekindlust erinevate muude oskuste \u00f5ppimisel. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n\n\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t\tKast 4. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t\tT\u00e4iendusi spordi valdkonnast: Spordikindlus<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t\tTippsportlased peavad k\u00f5rget eneseusku vaimse tugevuse aluseks (Connaughton, Wadey, Hanton, & Jones, 2008) ning spordist on teada, et enesekindluse ja soorituse vahel on otsene seos (nt Zinsser, Bunker, & Williams, 2006). Robin S. Vealey (1986) leidis sportlasi uurides, et \u00fchest k\u00fcljest iseloomustab neid p\u00fcsivamama iseloomuga kindlustunne oma oskuste ja v\u00f5imete suhtes \u00fcldisemat, mida v\u00f5ib nimetada <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>p\u00fcsienesekindluseks<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> (<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>trait self-confidence<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>). P\u00fcsikindlus iseloomustab seega, mil m\u00e4\u00e4ral isik usub oma edu saavutamise v\u00f5imesse. Teisest k\u00fcljest ilmneb igas konkreetses olukorras situatsiooni-spetsiifiline <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>seisundi enesekindlus <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>(<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>state self-confidence<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>), mis v\u00f5ib hetkest hetkesse muutuda. N\u00e4iteks v\u00f5ib kogenud sulgpalluril olla k\u00f5rge p\u00fcsieneskindlusm, et sulgpallim\u00e4ngus vastase ootamatu tegutsemise tulemusel kaotusseisu j\u00e4\u00e4des v\u00f5ib m\u00e4ngija kaotada usu, et tal oleks v\u00f5imalik praeguse vastase m\u00e4ngustiili vastu rohtu leida ja uuesti initsiatiiv enda k\u00e4tte haarata. Vealey ja tema kolleegid j\u00f5udsid Bandura eneseusu k\u00e4sitlust t\u00e4iendades j\u00e4reldusele, et enesekindlus p\u00e4rineb lausa \u00fcheksast allikast (Vealey, Hayashi, Garner-Holman, & Giacobby, 1988). Seega, sportlaste enesekindlust t\u00f5stavad: <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t\t

    \n\t\t\t\t\t
  1. \n\t\t\t\t\t\t

    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tmeisterlikkuse kogemine. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>Enesekindlust t\u00f5stab uute oskuste \u00f5ppimine, olemasolevate oskuste arendamine, oskuse meisterlik realiseerimine ja meisterlik sooritus; <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t

  2. \n\t\t\t\t\t\t

    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tv\u00f5imete demonstreerimine.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> Kui sportlasel \u00f5nnestub n\u00e4idata oma paremust teistega v\u00f5rreldes ja demonsreerida vastasest \u00fcleolekut, siis suureneb tema enesekindlus;<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t

  3. \n\t\t\t\t\t\t

    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tkehaline ja vaimne ettevalmistus<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>. Enesekindlust suurendab teadmine, et ollakse kehaliselt ja vaimselt piisavalt h\u00e4sti valmistunud, oma eesm\u00e4rkidele keskendunud ning maksimaalseks pingutuseks valmis;<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t

  4. \n\t\t\t\t\t\t

    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tkehaline eneseesitlus.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> Enesekindlust t\u00f5stab ka see, kui sportlane tajub, et ta n\u00e4eb hea v\u00e4lja ning on oma keha ja kehakaaluga rahul; <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t

  5. \n\t\t\t\t\t\t

    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tsotsiaalne toetus<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>. Sportlane, kes tajub endale oluliste inimeste \u2013 pereliikmete, v\u00f5istkonnakaaslaste, treenerite \u2013 toetust, kipub olema enesekindlam; <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t

  6. \n\t\t\t\t\t\t

    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttreeneri eestvedamine. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>Enesekindlus suureneb sportlasel, kes usub, et tema treener on hea eestvedaja, teeb tarku otsuseid ja on usaldusv\u00e4\u00e4rne;<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t

  7. \n\t\t\t\t\t\t

    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tasendev kogemus<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>. Teise samal tasemel sportlase eduka soorituse n\u00e4gemine v\u00f5ib lisada enesekindlust; <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t

  8. \n\t\t\t\t\t\t

    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tkeskkonna mugavus.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> Enesekindlust lisab see, kui sportlane tunneb ennast soorituse toimumise paigas mugavalt, nt kodusaalis v\u00f5istlemine v\u00f5ib anda t\u00e4iendavat enesekindlust; <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t

  9. \n\t\t\t\t\t\t

    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tolukorra soodsus. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>Viimaks lisab sportlasele enesekindlust ka see, kui tundub, et olukord on talle soodne, et \u00f5nn on tema poolel.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t<\/ol>\n\n\t\t\t\t

    \n\t\t\t\t\tTreener, kes soovib sportlase enesekindluse kujunemist toetada, saab mitmeid loetletud aspekte sihip\u00e4raselt kujundada. K\u00f5ige lihtsam on (a) toetada s\u00fcstemaatilise, eakohase ja t\u00f5husa \u00f5ppimise ja treeningu l\u00e4bi meisterlikkuse kogemist, (b) pakkuda \u00f5pilasele v\u00f5imalusi anal\u00fc\u00fcsida oma \u00f5ppimist ja treeninguid ning seel\u00e4bi koguda kindlust, et ettevalmistus on adekvaatne ja piisav, (c) n\u00e4idata v\u00e4lja, pakkuda sotisaalset tuge, (d) arendada ennast teadlikult treenerina usaldusv\u00e4\u00e4rseks eestvedajaks ning (e) pakkuda \u00f5pilasele \u00f5ppimisel v\u00f5imalust koguda enesekindlust tajutavalt sarnaste kaaslaste vaatlemisest.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t\t

    \n\t\t\t\t\t\"ylesanne\"\u00a0\u00dclesanne. Spordikindluse mudeli laiendamine teistesse valdkondadesse<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t\t

    \n\t\t\t\t\tM\u00f5tle enda enesekindluse suurenemisele v\u00e4hemalt kahe oskuse \u00f5ppimisel (nt v\u00f5\u00f5rkeele, m\u00f5ne k\u00e4elise oskuse, esinemise oskuste, autojuhtimise, inimeste juhtimise oskuste vms \u00f5ppimisel). Vasta j\u00e4rgmistele k\u00fcsimustele l\u00e4htudes sellest, et spordiklindluse mudelis kirjeldatud kogemusedi ja asjaolud toetavad enesekindlust ka muude oskuste \u00f5ppimisel v\u00e4ljaspool sporti: <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t\t

      \n\t\t\t\t\t
    1. \n\t\t\t\t\t\t

      \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tMillised kogemused v\u00f5i asjaolud suurendasid erinevate oskuste \u00f5ppimise k\u00e4igus sinu enesekindlust? <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t

    2. \n\t\t\t\t\t\t

      \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tMilliseid enesekindlust t\u00f5stvad kogemusi vastava oskuse \u00f5petaja sinu meelest sulle teadlikult pakkus? <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t

    3. \n\t\t\t\t\t\t

      \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tMida oleks \u00f5petaja saanud v\u00f5i v\u00f5inud teisiti teha? Milliste kogemuste suunamise ja milliste asjaolude esilekutsumise kaudu oleks sinu enesekindlus \u00f5ppimisel v\u00f5inud suurem olla? <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t

    4. \n\t\t\t\t\t\t

      \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tTundes n\u00fc\u00fcd spordikindluse allikaid, mida saad saad edaspidi oskuste \u00f5ppimisel enda enesekindluse suurendamiseks teadlikult ette v\u00f5tta? <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t<\/ol>\n\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t<\/tr>\n\t<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n

      \n\t\u00a0\n<\/div>\n\n
      \n\tEneseusu p\u00f5himudeli rakendamine spordis on toonud v\u00e4lja \u00fche t\u00e4iendava eneseusu allika \u2013 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>kujuteldavad kogemused<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>. Nimelt t\u00e4iendas Deborah Feltz oma kolleegidega (Feltz & Chase, 1998; Feltz, Short, & Sullivan, 2008) eneseusu p\u00f5himudelit ja n\u00e4itas, et eneseusku aitab tugevdada ka see, kui oleme kujutlenud ennast \u00f5nnestunud sooritust tegema. Sellele teadmisele on sooritusps\u00fchholoogias rajatud kujutlustreening2<\/sup><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> \u2013 nii sportlased kui interpreedid valmistavad ennast soorituseks ette sooritust detailirohkelt l\u00e4bi kujutlemas, ent kujutusel on leitud positiivne m\u00f5ju enesekuvandile ka v\u00e4ljaspool erialast sooritust. Nii on n\u00e4iteks sotsiaal\u00e4revate inimeste puhul leitud, et kujutlustreening v\u00f5ib aidata parandada enesehinnangut ja sotsiaalset sooritust vestlusolukorras (Stopa, Brown, & Hirsch, 2012). Joonis 3 esitab spordi konteksti eneseusu mudeli, mis illustreerib v\u00f5rreldes baasmudeliga ka selgemalt ka eneseusu tagaj\u00e4rgi. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/div>\n\n
      \n\t\"joonis3\"\n<\/div>\n\n
      \n\t
      \n\t2 <\/sup>Kujutlustreeningul (<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>imagery<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>) on sooritusps\u00fchholoogias veel mitmeid teisigi eesm\u00e4rke peale eneseusu t\u00f5stmise, ent nende k\u00e4sitlemine j\u00e4\u00e4b kaugelt v\u00e4lja siinse \u00f5ppematerjali mahust. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/div>\n\n
      \n\t\u00a0\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      4. MIDA ON \u00d5PPIDA SPORDIKINDLUSE UURINGUTEST? Kui Bandura keskendus enesekindluse sisemistele allikatele, siis Robin Vealey koos kolleegidega s\u00fcvenes sportlaste enesekindluse allikatesse ja tegi kindlaks veel teisigi kogemusi ja asjaolusid, mis enesekindlust m\u00f5jutavad. Loe spordikindluse kohta l\u00e4hemalt kastist 4. Sellele j\u00e4rgnev …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":263,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-7","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/edujategu10\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/edujategu10\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/edujategu10\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/edujategu10\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/263"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/edujategu10\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/edujategu10\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":145,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/edujategu10\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7\/revisions\/145"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/edujategu10\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}