{"id":7,"date":"2024-04-04T08:20:15","date_gmt":"2024-04-04T05:20:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/echoing\/unit-11-information-literacy-and-digital-skills\/"},"modified":"2024-04-04T08:20:57","modified_gmt":"2024-04-04T05:20:57","slug":"unit-11-information-literacy-and-digital-skills","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/echoing\/unit-11-information-literacy-and-digital-skills\/","title":{"rendered":"Unit 1: Information literacy and digital skills"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\n\t\u00a0\n<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt\">\n\t<span style=\"line-height:1.2\"><span><span style=\",sans-serif\"><span><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span><span style=\"border:none;width:602px\"><span style=\"overflow:hidden\"><span style=\"height:171px\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lh3.googleusercontent.com\/BHX9S5tnRI-oEK6mJykPpXZ1XVjIInAT7nqtqY22Gl7LSNxUmybod-2k2cRqGYQEk-l8mZ2gMtzrsaYwdtJKF-iJ6S5t5wOk2Q_l2cK4HJ_ju2D7BYcykoLhexu9plAVDjf-mA0jlKcMi8W-BPNFE7x3oxoJuRTFIbVvlGYXrVijn9TGr4dxX9jrfSzifw\" style=\"margin-left:0px;margin-top:0px;width:602px;height:171px\"><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt\">\n\t\u00a0\n<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"margin-top:12pt;margin-bottom:12pt\">\n\t<span style=\"line-height:1.2\"><span><span style=\",sans-serif\"><span style=\"font-weight:700\"><span><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span>Learning outcomes: <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<ul style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;padding-inline-start:48px\">\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type:disc;,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\" style=\"margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt\">\n\t\t\t<span style=\"line-height:1.3800000000000001\"><span><span><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span>Use digital tools for information gathering<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\n\t\t<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type:disc;,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\" style=\"margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt\">\n\t\t\t<span style=\"line-height:1.3800000000000001\"><span><span><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span>Evaluate information sources<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\n\t\t<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type:disc;,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\" style=\"margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt\">\n\t\t\t<span style=\"line-height:1.3800000000000001\"><span><span><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span>Identify sources and licences that can be used when creating resources<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\n\t\t<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"margin-top:12pt;margin-bottom:12pt\">\n\t<span style=\"line-height:1.2\"><span><span style=\",sans-serif\"><span style=\"font-weight:700\"><span><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span>Structure:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<ul style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;padding-inline-start:48px\">\n<li role=\"presentation\" style=\"list-style-type: disc\">\n\t\t<span style=\"line-height:1.2\"><span><span><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span>Introduction<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type:disc;,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\" style=\"margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt\">\n\t\t\t<span style=\"line-height:1.2\"><span><span><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span>Activities <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\n\t\t<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type:disc;,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\" style=\"margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt\">\n\t\t\t<span style=\"line-height:1.2\"><span><span><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span>Tools<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\n\t\t<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type:disc;,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\" style=\"margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:12pt\">\n\t\t\t<span style=\"line-height:1.2\"><span><span><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span>Self assessment<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\n\t\t<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt\">\n\t\u00a0\n<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt\">\n\t<span style=\"line-height:1.2\"><span><span style=\",sans-serif\"><span style=\"font-weight:700\"><span><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span>Brief description of content <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt\">\n\t\u00a0\n<\/p>\n<ul style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;padding-inline-start:48px\">\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type:disc;,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\" style=\"margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt\">\n\t\t\t<span style=\"line-height:1.2\"><span><span><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span>By the end of the unit you will be able to use digital tools for information gathering. The course will provide insight into searching for information other than a basic Google search. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\n\t\t<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type:disc;,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\" style=\"margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt\">\n\t\t\t<span style=\"line-height:1.2\"><span><span><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span>By the end of the unit you will be able to evaluate information sources. The internet is full of less than credible information, and you will develop tools for evaluating whether sources can be trusted, and how to identify untrustworthy sources.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\n\t\t<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type:disc;,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\" style=\"margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt\">\n\t\t\t<span style=\"line-height:1.2\"><span><span><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span>By the end of the unit you will be able to identify sources and licences that can be used when creating resources: because something exists online doesn\u2019t mean that anyone can use it. Learning to cite sources or to find resources with, for example, creative commons licences are important. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\n\t\t<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type:disc;,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\" style=\"margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt\">\n\t\t\t<span style=\"line-height:1.2\"><span><span><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span>All these skills will be important for completing Units 2 and 3 of this module.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\n\t\t<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<ol style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;padding-inline-start:48px\">\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type:decimal;,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\" style=\"margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt\">\n\t\t\t<span style=\"line-height:1.2\"><span><span style=\"font-weight:700\"><span><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span>Introduction:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span><span><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span> This includes video examples of how ubiquitous ads and targeted content is online (for example, no matter what you look for in a Google search the top hits are likely to be ads).<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\n\t\t<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<ol start=\"2\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;padding-inline-start:48px\">\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type:decimal;,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\" style=\"margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt\">\n\t\t\t<span style=\"line-height:1.2\"><span><span style=\"font-weight:700\"><span><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span>Activities:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span><span><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span> You will find examples of news stories and explain why you think they are real or fake. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\n\t\t<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<ol start=\"3\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;padding-inline-start:48px\">\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type:decimal;,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\" style=\"margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt\">\n\t\t\t<span style=\"line-height:1.2\"><span><span style=\"font-weight:700\"><span><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span>Tools:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span><span><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span> This will help you develop good search strategies, ways to structure searches, and ways to better focus your searches.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\n\t\t<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt\">\n\t<span style=\"line-height:1.2\"><span><span style=\",sans-serif\"><span style=\"font-weight:700\"><span><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span>COURSE CONTENT<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span><span style=\",sans-serif\"><span><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span>: Text, images, video. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<ul style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;padding-inline-start:48px\">\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type:disc;,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\" style=\"margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt\">\n\t\t\t<span style=\"line-height:1.2\"><span><span><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span>The importance of citing sources and adhering to copyright. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\n\t\t<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type:disc;,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\" style=\"margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt\">\n\t\t\t<span style=\"line-height:1.2\"><span><span><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span>On copyright and CC licences.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\n\t\t<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt\">\n\t<span style=\"line-height:1.2\"><span><span style=\",sans-serif\"><span style=\"font-weight:700\"><span><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span>1.1: Introduction of terms:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span><span style=\",sans-serif\"><span><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span> In the simplest terms <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span><span style=\",sans-serif\"><span style=\"font-weight:700\"><span style=\"font-style:italic\"><span><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span>literacy<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span><span style=\",sans-serif\"><span><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span> refers to your ability to read and write something. As technology advances different types of literacy emerge. Digital literacy has existed as a concept since the 1990s at least, and has become increasingly more relevant with the rise of digital technologies. According to Eshet-Alkalai (2004) digital literacy is more than just your ability to use software or machinery, although there is no generally agreed definition of what is digital literacy. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt\">\n\t<span style=\"line-height:1.2\"><span><span style=\",sans-serif\"><span style=\"font-weight:700\"><span style=\"font-style:italic\"><span><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span>Digital<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span><span style=\",sans-serif\"><span style=\"font-weight:700\"><span><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span> literacy<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span><span style=\",sans-serif\"><span><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span> is closely connected to information literacy and media literacy and it includes reading instructions, and being able to ascertain the validity and quality of the information you find online (Eshet-Alkalai, 2004). <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span><span style=\",sans-serif\"><span style=\"font-style:italic\"><span><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span>Media<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span><span style=\",sans-serif\"><span><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span> literacy means developing critical thinking skills around all kinds of media, and understanding how media messages shape our culture. Information literacy is often taught by librarians and is your ability to understand when information is needed, to know where to find information and how to evaluate it, and how to use it. As more information and knowledge moves to online media, digital and information literacy merge into one big literacy that is necessary to be able to avoid fake news and misleading information.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt\">\n\t<span style=\"line-height:1.2\"><span><span style=\",sans-serif\"><span style=\"font-weight:700\"><span><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span>Bias: <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span><span style=\",sans-serif\"><span><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span>a tendency, inclination or prejudice towards or against something or someone. Biases are often based on stereotypes rather than actual knowledge. If you are a student of medicine a bias might be that good articles are published in The Lancet, and other journals are useless (this is a somewhat extreme example to make a point). Bias can be implicit or unconscious, you might not know you have it. If you see a poorly built website you might think the whole website is useless, but the information presented might still be correct and useful.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt\">\n\t<span style=\"line-height:1.2\"><span><span style=\",sans-serif\"><span><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span>Here you can learn more by watching at least one of these short videos,<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<ul style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;padding-inline-start:48px\">\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type:disc;,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\" style=\"margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt\">\n\t\t\t<span style=\"line-height:1.2\"><span><span><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span>Information literacy video: <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\n\t\t<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"margin-left:36pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt\">\n\t<a data-url=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=hbe6xBibOL4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=hbe6xBibOL4\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"\" rel=\"noopener\"><span data-rich-links='{\"fple-t\":\"What is Information Literacy?\",\"fple-u\":\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=hbe6xBibOL4\",\"fple-mt\":null,\"type\":\"first-party-link\"}'><span style=\",sans-serif\"><span style=\"color:#1155cc\"><span><span><span style=\"text-decoration:underline\"><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span>What is Information Literacy?<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><span style=\"line-height:1.2\"> <\/span>\n<\/p>\n<ul style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;padding-inline-start:48px\">\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type:disc;,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\" style=\"margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt\">\n\t\t\t<span style=\"line-height:1.2\"><span><span><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span>Media literacy from Crash course: <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><a data-url=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=sPwJ0obJya0&amp;list=PL8dPuuaLjXtM6jSpzb5gMNsx9kdmqBfmY\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=sPwJ0obJya0&amp;list=PL8dPuuaLjXtM6jSpzb5gMNsx9kdmqBfmY\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"\" rel=\"noopener\"><span data-rich-links='{\"fple-t\":\"Crash Course Media Literacy Preview\",\"fple-u\":\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=sPwJ0obJya0&amp;list=PL8dPuuaLjXtM6jSpzb5gMNsx9kdmqBfmY\",\"fple-mt\":null,\"type\":\"first-party-link\"}'><span style=\"color:#1155cc\"><span><span><span style=\"text-decoration:underline\"><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span>Crash Course Media Literacy Preview<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><span style=\"line-height:1.2\"> <\/span>\n\t\t<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type:disc;,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\" style=\"margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt\">\n\t\t\t<span style=\"line-height:1.2\"><span><span><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span>Navigating digital information: <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><a data-url=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=pLlv2o6UfTU\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=pLlv2o6UfTU\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"\" rel=\"noopener\"><span data-rich-links='{\"fple-t\":\"Introduction to Crash Course Navigating Digital Information #1\",\"fple-u\":\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=pLlv2o6UfTU\",\"fple-mt\":null,\"type\":\"first-party-link\"}'><span style=\"color:#1155cc\"><span><span><span style=\"text-decoration:underline\"><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span>Introduction to Crash Course Navigating Digital Information #1<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><span style=\"line-height:1.2\"> <\/span>\n\t\t<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt\">\n\t<span style=\"line-height:1.2\"><span style=\"background-color:#ffffff\"><span><span style=\",sans-serif\"><span style=\"font-weight:700\"><span><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span>Task 1: Questions. Now think about:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<ul style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;padding-inline-start:48px\">\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type:disc;,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\" style=\"margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt\">\n\t\t\t<span style=\"line-height:1.2\"><span style=\"background-color:#ffffff\"><span><span><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span>Where do you search for the information you need for your daily life? <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span><span style=\"font-weight:400\"><span><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span>(Deliver your answer here)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\n\t\t<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type:disc;,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\" style=\"margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt\">\n\t\t\t<span style=\"line-height:1.2\"><span style=\"background-color:#ffffff\"><span><span><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span>What about information for your school work or university life? <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span><span style=\"font-weight:400\"><span><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span>(Deliver your answer here)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\n\t\t<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt\">\n\t\u00a0\n<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt\">\n\t<span style=\"line-height:1.2\"><span style=\"background-color:#ffffff\"><span><span style=\",sans-serif\"><span style=\"font-weight:700\"><span><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span>After you have done the above consider the following: <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span><span style=\",sans-serif\"><span><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span>Do you start from google or wikipedia to find information? Consider the following.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt\">\n\t\u00a0\n<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt\">\n\t<span style=\"line-height:1.2\"><span style=\"background-color:#ffffff\"><span><span style=\",sans-serif\"><span style=\"font-weight:700\"><span><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span>For research literature: <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span><span style=\",sans-serif\"><span><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span>Instead of Google try Google scholar, which searches for academic texts. It is by no means perfect, but it is often more reliable than many of the hits in regular Google. If you\u2019re a university student, Google scholar often gives you access to research articles and peer-reviewed research through your institution\u2019s library. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt\">\n\t\u00a0\n<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt\">\n\t<span style=\"line-height:1.2\"><span style=\"background-color:#ffffff\"><span><span style=\",sans-serif\"><span style=\"font-weight:700\"><span><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span>Can I use Wikipedia? <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span><span style=\",sans-serif\"><span><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span>Wikipedia is ubiquitous and massive. It is often among the first results when you search for something online. It is community run and anyone can write anything on Wikipedia. This doesn\u2019t mean it\u2019s bad, but it also means it\u2019s not perfect. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt\">\n\t<span style=\"line-height:1.2\"><span style=\"background-color:#ffffff\"><span><span style=\",sans-serif\"><span><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span>Wikipedia is often a good jumping-off-point. If you find a Wikipedia-article with a robust bibliography you should probably not use the Wikipedia article, but the references used are often good and can be a good starting point. It\u2019s also free, which is a massive plus when you compare it to something like Encyclopaedia Britannica for instance.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt\">\n\t\u00a0\n<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt\">\n\t<span style=\"line-height:1.2\"><span style=\"background-color:#ffffff\"><span><span style=\",sans-serif\"><span style=\"font-weight:700\"><span><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span>Academic databases<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt\">\n\t<span style=\"line-height:1.2\"><span style=\"background-color:#ffffff\"><span><span style=\",sans-serif\"><span><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span>While Google Scholar is good for a cursory search of academic literature if you want curated academic literature an academic database is a better bet. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt\">\n\t<span style=\"line-height:1.2\"><span style=\"background-color:#ffffff\"><span><span style=\",sans-serif\"><span><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span>Academic databases are different depending on your area of study, or which subject you\u2019re looking for. They are also usually not free. University libraries pay for subscriptions for academic databases, and often articles and books are not free to use. If you\u2019re a student at a university you will probably have access. With the continued push for Open Access (REF) there is also an increasing number of articles and books that are open to all, regardless of a university affiliation. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt\">\n\t\u00a0\n<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt\">\n\t<span style=\"line-height:1.2\"><span style=\"background-color:#ffffff\"><span><span style=\",sans-serif\"><span><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span>Academic databases usually have articles and journals that have been subject to peer-review, which make them more trustworthy than random articles. This field is also subject to bad actors however. It usually costs money to publish scholarly articles under the current model and that means people try to take advantage of this.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt\">\n\t\u00a0\n<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt\">\n\t<span style=\"line-height:1.2\"><span style=\"background-color:#ffffff\"><span><span style=\",sans-serif\"><span style=\"font-weight:700\"><span><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span>1.2 Finding literature \u2013 search strategies<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt\">\n\t<span style=\"line-height:1.2\"><span style=\"background-color:#ffffff\"><span><span style=\",sans-serif\"><span><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span>There are differences in searching functions in all databases, but there are also general strategies you can use to improve your searches to find the literature you need.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt\">\n\t\u00a0\n<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt\">\n\t<span style=\"line-height:1.2\"><span style=\"background-color:#ffffff\"><span><span style=\",sans-serif\"><span><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span>Some general tips,<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<ul style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;padding-inline-start:48px\">\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type:disc;,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\" style=\"margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt\">\n\t\t\t<span style=\"line-height:1.2\"><span style=\"background-color:#ffffff\"><span><span><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span>Use synonyms to expand your search. Searching for just one version of the word will only yield so many results, using synonyms will produce more results.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\n\t\t<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type:disc;,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\" style=\"margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt\">\n\t\t\t<span style=\"line-height:1.2\"><span style=\"background-color:#ffffff\"><span><span><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span>Check the resources in your particular field, for the correct term for the word you\u2019re searching for. There are often field specific terms for everyday words, e.g., <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\n\t\t<\/p>\n<ul style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;padding-inline-start:48px\">\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type:circle;,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\" style=\"margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"line-height:1.2\"><span style=\"background-color:#ffffff\"><span><span><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span>While we use the word \u201ccancer\u201d, a medical database might use \u201cneoplasm\u201d which is a more medically accurate word. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type:circle;,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\" style=\"margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"line-height:1.2\"><span style=\"background-color:#ffffff\"><span><span><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span>Look into what these words are so you can find the most accurate search terms.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type:disc;,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\" style=\"margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt\">\n\t\t\t<span style=\"line-height:1.2\"><span style=\"background-color:#ffffff\"><span><span style=\"font-weight:700\"><span><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span>Use truncation to expand your search<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span><span><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span>. Truncation means to shorten a word and searching for the stemmed word; by adding a symbol, usually a *, you open up for more search terms. \u201cComputer\u201d yields hits for computer. \u201cComput*\u201d yields hits for computer, computers, computation, computes, etc.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\n\t\t<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"margin-left:36pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt\">\n\t\u00a0\n<\/p>\n<ul style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;padding-inline-start:48px\">\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type:disc;,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\" style=\"margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt\">\n\t\t\t<span style=\"line-height:1.2\"><span><span style=\"font-weight:700\"><span><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span>Use Boolean operators<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span><span><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span> to expand or limit your search. Boolean operators are simple words used to combine or exclude results, the common ones are AND, OR, NOT, e.g.,<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\n\t\t<\/p>\n<ul style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;padding-inline-start:48px\">\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type:circle;,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\" style=\"margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"line-height:1.2\"><span><span><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span>Computer AND robot \u2013 AND forces the search results to contain both words. It narrows your search as it excludes results which only contain one of the words. It is a good way of limiting the result list if it becomes too overwhelming. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type:circle;,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\" style=\"margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"line-height:1.2\"><span><span><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span>Computer OR robot \u2013 OR forces the search results to contain either word, or both words. This operator expands your search. It\u2019s useful if you don\u2019t get a lot of results and want more.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type:circle;,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\" style=\"margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"line-height:1.2\"><span><span><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span>Computer NOT robot \u2013 NOT excludes hits with one of the words in them. This narrows your search, but might make you miss relevant documents. Therefore you should use it sparingly. It might still be useful if you are struggling to find relevant documents because one of the terms you\u2019re using is more common than the other.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\" style=\"margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt\">\n\t\u00a0\n<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"margin-left:36pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt\">\n\t\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<b id=\"docs-internal-guid-66fb8592-7fff-f869-89a7-ea62145a68c4\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"259\" src=\"https:\/\/lh3.googleusercontent.com\/oZKu-0_CI1yeQbCXhtxUj-0uPtwwA6IxDHtGG9TbXwqSZuF4rPxHn25cqon4wkXMzDoyjs7xIZ4kWVYlvC8LS6RNf9pRIWrEUZi3IUctTZfODPaY3gsUP4vnkDg4tRaSGM8TxuCJj-2dYy8OdtFr1FVplpzy0TidK7HKrkr1rrFQ2cwuJyMFdLPl1ypVng\" width=\"460\"><\/b> \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\n<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"margin-left:72pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt\">\n\t<span style=\"line-height:1.2\"><span><span style=\",sans-serif\"><span><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span>Illustration of Boolean operators: searching for Computer NOT Robot in the top left image, only the yellow results will be displayed. The image in the top right uses OR to expand the hit. The bottom illustration shows how AND works. Only the results in the green middle bit will be presented. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt\">\n\t<span style=\"line-height:1.2\"><span><span style=\",sans-serif\"><span style=\"font-weight:700\"><span><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span>Task 2: Questions. Now think about,<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<ul style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;padding-inline-start:48px\">\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type:disc;,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\" style=\"margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt\">\n\t\t\t<span style=\"line-height:1.2\"><span><span><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span>Which strategies do you use to evaluate information you find? <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> <span><span style=\"background-color:#ffffff\"><span style=\"font-weight:400\"><span><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span>(Deliver your answer here)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\n\t\t<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type:disc;,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\" style=\"margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt\">\n\t\t\t<span style=\"line-height:1.2\"><span><span><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span>We all have biases \u2013 no one is free from bias: which biases do you have? Are they based on how something looks? (If the website looks professional or new are you more likely to trust it?) <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> <span><span style=\"background-color:#ffffff\"><span style=\"font-weight:400\"><span><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span>(Deliver your answer here) <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\n\t\t<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt\">\n\t<span style=\"line-height:1.2\"><span><span style=\",sans-serif\"><span style=\"font-weight:700\"><span><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span>1.3 Evaluating information<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt\">\n\t<span style=\"line-height:1.2\"><span><span style=\",sans-serif\"><span><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span>Students (and researchers) are often taught check-lists to ascertain if something is credible or useful. This might work in certain instances, but they are not always enough. There are lists like RADCAB and CRAAP. RADCAB stands for Relevancy, Appropriateness, Detail, Currency, Authority, Bias. CRAAP stands for Currency, Relevance, Authority, Accuracy, Purpose. While these are often good to a certain extent, they aren\u2019t the be-all and end-all. If you are going to write about something like social media then currency is important \u2013 how recent is the information? If it\u2019s from 2007 it might give some insight into Facebook in 2006-2007, but give you nothing on what Facebook is like today.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt\">\n\t<span style=\"line-height:1.2\"><span><span style=\",sans-serif\"><span style=\"font-weight:700\"><span><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span>Digital literacy<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span><span style=\",sans-serif\"><span><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span> is not a checklist of abstract skills. It also has to do with your actual literacy, your reading and writing comprehension. Anyone can build a website and make it look credible, that doesn\u2019t mean it is. It also means you have to know things. You need a basic understanding of the world to know how to extract the correct information.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt\">\n\t<span style=\"line-height:1.2\"><span><span style=\",sans-serif\"><span style=\"font-weight:700\"><span><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span>Strategies you can use<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt\">\n\t<span style=\"line-height:1.2\"><span style=\"background-color:#ffffff\"><span><span style=\",sans-serif\"><span><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span>Google is ubiquitous, and because it is a company it is invested in selling ads. The way they do that is often to sell ads to companies whose products are then pushed higher up in the results. If you search for something as innocent as \u201cshirt\u201d, you\u2019ll get several ads for shirts, and a link to a music video called Shirt, on YouTube (which is owned by Google). <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt\">\n\t\u00a0\n<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt\">\n\t<span style=\"line-height:1.2\"><span style=\"background-color:#ffffff\"><span><span style=\",sans-serif\"><span><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span><span style=\"border:none;width:465px\"><span style=\"overflow:hidden\"><span style=\"height:375px\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lh6.googleusercontent.com\/COhFmgn8n3s-WZQJOITcacQV8SNuP3IHTKVbO8VpkpqD3nmbuRykuAQ1AUCMol5QfXG4Rrmkfst4bQzMzAU-ByZtaWWK4cWM5dz2L3ktEhRY1DVO5qz60NpSGLdgzId2_8Bp4DZdM_nWY-WvVcGnp7oHxJZgpx_vPirMCyD7qwt6qRPRGt2Pi0Kjz-ojPg\" style=\"margin-left:0px;margin-top:0px;width:465px;height:375px\"><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt\">\n\t<span style=\"line-height:1.2\"><span><span style=\",sans-serif\"><span><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span>This won\u2019t happen with everything you search, but even if you search for open innovation you get an Ad from Nokia.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt\">\n\t\u00a0\n<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt\">\n\t<span style=\"line-height:1.2\"><span><span style=\",sans-serif\"><span><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span><span style=\"border:none;width:453px\"><span style=\"overflow:hidden\"><span style=\"height:279px\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lh5.googleusercontent.com\/Zf2zoilkGrOWhr7NkW5WsBwYjFFqPWMRwJ_dp2V0hfrtcePFC2dZkKk7r3YXvt-kDB-K8yM46yj9-Uw6BiRlJ0gKbO_CtWMqPaJnkH73Wpp8_1AxsrQZS6AInsRA0e20yotbtAgncfCBW8go-wY8lMxdlGWE4p0CSK7g7F7ZeNWDp1J_mP13KoikLGctWA\" style=\"margin-left:0px;margin-top:0px;width:453px;height:279px\"><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt\">\n\t<span style=\"line-height:1.2\"><span><span style=\",sans-serif\"><span><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span>When a journalist, or fact checker looks into a case or a story, they don\u2019t use tests like CRAAP or RADCAB. A well-known example in information literacy teaching is the Pacific NorthWest tree octopus. The site is kept up to date, thus it is current. It looks like it\u2019s supported by a university, which is good, and it links to news, and Greenpeace. However, if you have a passing understanding of octopuses, you\u2019ll know this is a hoax. Octopuses are marine animals; they can\u2019t survive in trees! <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt\">\n\t<span style=\"line-height:1.2\"><span><span style=\",sans-serif\"><span><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span>The problem with check-lists is that they often base themselves on information you find on the web page you\u2019re looking at. If you want to find out if the tree octopus is real, the first thing you should do is leave the website and search somewhere else. You might be directed to Snopes, which is a credible fact checking resource. Or you might find the Wikipedia article about these octopuses and read that it\u2019s a hoax. Of course, you have to know <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span><span style=\",sans-serif\"><span style=\"font-style:italic\"><span><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span>about <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span><span style=\",sans-serif\"><span><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span>Snopes to know to check Snopes.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt\">\n\t\u00a0\n<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt\">\n\t<span style=\"line-height:1.2\"><span><span style=\",sans-serif\"><span><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span>Learners often struggle with separating native adverts from articles. They also struggle to see possible bias in policy statements. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<ul style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;padding-inline-start:48px\">\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type:disc;vertical-align:baseline\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\" style=\"margin-top:19pt;margin-bottom:0pt\">\n\t\t\t<span style=\"line-height:1.2\"><span style=\"background-color:#ffffff\"><span><span style=\",sans-serif\"><span style=\"font-weight:700\"><span><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span>Check<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span><span style=\",sans-serif\"><span><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span> for previous work: Look around to see if someone else has already fact-checked the claim or provided a synthesis of research.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\n\t\t<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type:disc;vertical-align:baseline\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\" style=\"margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt\">\n\t\t\t<span style=\"line-height:1.2\"><span style=\"background-color:#ffffff\"><span><span style=\",sans-serif\"><span style=\"font-weight:700\"><span><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span>Go upstream <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span><span style=\",sans-serif\"><span><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span>to the source of the claim: Most web content is not original. Get to the original source to understand the trustworthiness of the information.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\n\t\t<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type:disc;vertical-align:baseline\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\" style=\"margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt\">\n\t\t\t<span style=\"line-height:1.2\"><span style=\"background-color:#ffffff\"><span><span style=\",sans-serif\"><span style=\"font-weight:700\"><span><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span>Read laterally<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span><span style=\",sans-serif\"><span><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span>: Read laterally.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.pub\/webliteracy\/chapter\/four-strategies\/#footnote-24-1\" style=\"text-decoration:none\"><span><span style=\",sans-serif\"><span style=\"color:#000000\"><span><span><span style=\"text-decoration:underline\"><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span>[1]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><span><span style=\",sans-serif\"><span><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span> Once you get to the source of a claim, read what other people say about the source (publication, author, etc.). The truth is in the network. Don\u2019t trust the website, google the claim, or check an academic database.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\n\t\t<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type:disc;vertical-align:baseline\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\" style=\"margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:19pt\">\n\t\t\t<span style=\"line-height:1.2\"><span style=\"background-color:#ffffff\"><span><span style=\",sans-serif\"><span style=\"font-weight:700\"><span><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span>Circle back<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span><span style=\",sans-serif\"><span><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span>: If you get lost, hit dead ends, or find yourself going down an increasingly confusing rabbit hole, back up and start over knowing what you know now. You\u2019re likely to take a more informed path with different search terms and better decisions (<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span><span style=\",sans-serif\"><span><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span>Caulfield, 2017).<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\n\t\t<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"margin-top:19pt;margin-bottom:0pt\">\n\t<span style=\"line-height:1.2\"><span style=\"background-color:#ffffff\"><span><span style=\",sans-serif\"><span style=\"font-weight:700\"><span><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span>Research literature<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt\">\n\t<span style=\"line-height:1.2\"><span style=\"background-color:#ffffff\"><span><span style=\",sans-serif\"><span><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span>When it comes to research literature the checklists might be more helpful. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt\">\n\t<span style=\"line-height:1.2\"><span style=\"background-color:#ffffff\"><span><span style=\",sans-serif\"><span><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span>An example of a checklist is the CRAAP test, and while it might not be useful in all cases it can be helpful when reading research literature.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt\">\n\t\u00a0\n<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt\">\n\t<span style=\"line-height:1.2\"><span style=\"background-color:#ffffff\"><span><span style=\",sans-serif\"><span style=\"font-weight:700\"><span><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span>C<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span><span style=\",sans-serif\"><span><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span>urrency: Depending on the subject you\u2019re writing about, the currency of an article or book might be very important. If you\u2019re writing about social media or COVID-19 information should be new enough so that you know it is current and correct. Make sure the information you\u2019re reading hasn\u2019t been revised or updated elsewhere since the text was published. If you\u2019re writing about something older you look further back, but also make sure you\u2019re using current information and updated terms.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt\">\n\t\u00a0\n<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt\">\n\t<span style=\"line-height:1.2\"><span style=\"background-color:#ffffff\"><span><span style=\",sans-serif\"><span style=\"font-weight:700\"><span><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span>R<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span><span style=\",sans-serif\"><span><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span>elevance: Does the information in this article answer the questions you have? Does it help you with your own work? Is it at a high enough level? If you\u2019re writing for university, information meant for first graders is probably too basic. Have you looked at several sources before deciding on this one article?<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt\">\n\t\u00a0\n<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt\">\n\t<span style=\"line-height:1.2\"><span style=\"background-color:#ffffff\"><span><span style=\",sans-serif\"><span style=\"font-weight:700\"><span><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span>A<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span><span style=\",sans-serif\"><span><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span>uthority: Is the author someone with qualifications and credentials that make them qualified to write on this subject? Is it easy to find the author\u2019s credentials? Can you verify this when you check out the institution\u2019s website? People can claim to work wherever they want, but that doesn\u2019t mean they do. Is it easy to contact the publisher of the work? Does the URL reveal anything about the source or the author? Hoax websites will often make their names look very similar to the real thing, make sure you\u2019re <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt\">\n\t\u00a0\n<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt\">\n\t<span style=\"line-height:1.2\"><span style=\"background-color:#ffffff\"><span><span style=\",sans-serif\"><span style=\"font-weight:700\"><span><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span>A<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span><span style=\",sans-serif\"><span><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span>ccuracy: Has the data the text is based on been collected through reputable sources? Is it clear how experiments were conducted and how results were obtained? Was the article subject to peer review? Can you verify this information? If you read a similar article on the same subject, would the results look similar? If not, have the writers explained the difference? It might be newer equipment or the people they talked to might come from different backgrounds, or maybe some event happened in the meantime which changed all the results. Has this been properly explained?<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt\">\n\t\u00a0\n<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt\">\n\t<span style=\"line-height:1.2\"><span style=\"background-color:#ffffff\"><span><span style=\",sans-serif\"><span style=\"font-weight:700\"><span><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span>P<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span><span style=\",sans-serif\"><span><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span>urpose: What\u2019s the purpose of the information? Is this a research article in a reputable journal? If it\u2019s sponsored by someone then the results may be biassed. If the tobacco industry pays for research into whether or not smoking causes cancer then it might not give you all the right information. Does there seem to be an objective and impartial point of view? Are there any biases you should be aware of (political, ideological, cultural, institutional)?<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt\">\n\t<span style=\"line-height:1.2\"><span><span style=\",sans-serif\"><span style=\"font-weight:700\"><span><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span>Citation<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt\">\n\t<span style=\"line-height:1.2\"><span><span style=\",sans-serif\"><span><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span>Citing sources is good scientific practice. It shows you\u2019re not trying to take credit for other people\u2019s work and it shows you\u2019ve looked into the topic you\u2019re writing about by reading other literature on the topic. It also puts your work into a greater scientific context. It is also important when the world, and information, becomes more polarised. Citing sources shows what your arguments are based on, and that you\u2019ve not picked them out of thin air.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt\">\n\t<span style=\"line-height:1.2\"><span><span style=\",sans-serif\"><span><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span>Citing is also good practice in other contexts, even if the requirements are not as strict as for a university paper, for example. One of the most important reasons is to make it easy for other people to find where you found the source you\u2019re using. It is also important to recognize the work of others. To cite something on a personal website it might be enough to write, \u2018Source: <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.europeana.eu\" style=\"text-decoration:none\"><span><span style=\",sans-serif\"><span style=\"color:#000000\"><span><span><span style=\"text-decoration:underline\"><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span>www.europeana.eu<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><span><span style=\",sans-serif\"><span><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span>\u2019. In an academic text there are stricter rules, and you\u2019ll have to choose the correct style. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt\">\n\t<span style=\"line-height:1.2\"><span><span style=\",sans-serif\"><span style=\"font-weight:700\"><span><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span>Copyright<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt\">\n\t<span style=\"line-height:1.2\"><span><span style=\",sans-serif\"><span><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span>Copyright is a complex and complicated issue and you should look at the suggestions for further information at the end of this unit. Here is a very simple explanation of the concept. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<ul style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;padding-inline-start:48px\">\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type:disc;,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\" style=\"margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt\">\n\t\t\t<span style=\"line-height:1.2\"><span><span><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span>Copyright protects your right to a textual or artistic work where you are the creator [<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rightsdirect.com\/international-copyright-basics\/\" style=\"text-decoration:none\"><span><span style=\"color:#000000\"><span><span><span style=\"text-decoration:underline\"><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span>2<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><span><span><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span>]. Copyright is automatically awarded. It gives a creator the rights to control how their own work is disseminated, if it can be copied, adapted, and so on. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\n\t\t<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type:disc;,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\" style=\"margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt\">\n\t\t\t<span style=\"line-height:1.2\"><span><span><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span>Copyright is also a legal right. That means, if you want to know about your home country\u2019s particular copyright, or the country in which you\u2019re disseminating your work, you should look up the law in that country. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\n\t\t<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type:disc;,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\" style=\"margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt\">\n\t\t\t<span style=\"line-height:1.2\"><span><span><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span>Books, movies, songs, images all have copyright. It is important to note that the expression (i.e., writing, images etc.) is copyrighted, and not an idea. An idea without expression cannot be copyrighted.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\n\t\t<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type:disc;,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\" style=\"margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt\">\n\t\t\t<span style=\"line-height:1.2\"><span><span><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span>There is no international copyright law, but most countries have their own version of similar laws. The <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.copyright.gov\/what-is-copyright\/#:~:text=U.S.%20copyright%20law%20provides%20copyright,rental%2C%20lease%2C%20or%20lending.\" style=\"text-decoration:none\"><span><span style=\"color:#000000\"><span><span><span style=\"text-decoration:underline\"><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span>US<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><span><span><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span> has a copyright law, as does the <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu\/en\/policies\/copyright-legislation\" style=\"text-decoration:none\"><span><span style=\"color:#000000\"><span><span><span style=\"text-decoration:underline\"><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span>EU<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><span><span><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span>. 180 countries have also ratified the <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wipo.int\/treaties\/en\/ip\/berne\/\" style=\"text-decoration:none\"><span><span style=\"color:#000000\"><span><span><span style=\"text-decoration:underline\"><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span>Berne convention<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><span><span><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span>, which sets a minimum set of standards for the protection of the rights of the creators of copyrighted works around the world.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\n\t\t<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt\">\n\t<span style=\"line-height:1.2\"><span><span style=\",sans-serif\"><span style=\"font-weight:700\"><span><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span>Public domain <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt\">\n\t<span style=\"line-height:1.2\"><span><span style=\",sans-serif\"><span><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span>Public domain refers to works that are no longer protected by copyright law, if the copyright has expired; for example, if the author has been dead for over 70 years (duration might vary). It also refers to categories of works that were never protected by copyright.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt\">\n\t<span style=\"line-height:1.2\"><span><span style=\",sans-serif\"><span style=\"font-weight:700\"><span><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span>Re-use<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt\">\n\t<span style=\"line-height:1.2\"><span><span style=\",sans-serif\"><span><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span>If you want to use something that has been copyrighted by someone else you might have to ask for permission. Images and songs you find online and want to use in your own work are most likely copyrighted, and there\u2019s a good chance you\u2019ll have to ask to reuse them. It is always better to ask one time too many before you use someone else\u2019s work, rather than not ask at all. You can licence your work for reuse with something called <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><a data-url=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/share-your-work\/\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/share-your-work\/\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"\" rel=\"noopener\"><span><span style=\",sans-serif\"><span style=\"color:#0066cc\"><span><span><span style=\"text-decoration:underline\"><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span>Creative Commons<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><span style=\"line-height:1.2\"><span><span style=\",sans-serif\"><span style=\"color:#0066cc\"><span><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span>. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt\">\n\t<span style=\"line-height:1.2\"><span><span style=\",sans-serif\"><span><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span>Creative Commons is a nonprofit organisation that enables sharing and reuse of creative works. They have free legal tools to help people who want to encourage other people to reuse their works. Creative Commons are not against Copyright, rather they are based on copyright and depend on it. CC licences are tools to offer certain usage rights.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt\">\n\t<span style=\"line-height:1.2\"><span><span style=\",sans-serif\"><span><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span>Several search engines have set up ways for you to filter out which images for example have a creative commons attached. If you need an image for something you can use the database <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><a data-url=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/\" href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"\" rel=\"noopener\"><span><span style=\",sans-serif\"><span style=\"color:#0066cc\"><span><span><span style=\"text-decoration:underline\"><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span>flickr<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><span style=\"line-height:1.2\"><span><span style=\",sans-serif\"><span><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span>. A lot of photographers upload images here with licences, and you can filter so you only get the CC-licenced images.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt\">\n\t<span style=\"line-height:1.2\"><span><span style=\",sans-serif\"><span><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span><span style=\"border:none;width:299px\"><span style=\"overflow:hidden\"><span style=\"height:239px\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lh6.googleusercontent.com\/FuOQsypXoxmxrloOZlZWr5t0-ghLg8IU6NPzqb5qnYY1xoiGUGn51kfIIbVNRDlE9lXdbm-eCo2armibrrIeouPcuIUM96zTfps4nhiyw2cvGQ0sBxwIsEAzOP-w42FamPq7emkHJi8Guh2Sll3ruyRYxUlrL3-YL6Ztgzbui3nxLOSGQ88BZvv9FDdSMw\" style=\"margin-left:0px;margin-top:0px;width:299px;height:239px\"><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt\">\n\t<span style=\"line-height:1.2\"><span><span style=\",sans-serif\"><span><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span>If I wanted to use this image I found on Flickr I would need to attribute it like I have done underneath the image.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt\">\n\t<span style=\"line-height:1.2\"><span><span style=\",sans-serif\"><span><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span><span style=\"border:none;width:373px\"><span style=\"overflow:hidden\"><span style=\"height:245px\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lh5.googleusercontent.com\/ba-1tqqT7GNTPI4wVPN5L7tRoqO3Ahnl8p0H1gmbxi8kjYQCdpdPNLVeLYqMTUdpGL_HG-M0WlOj_7odRvTUeGez6k4nh_yk1yzRd8ZHItEhPNMQo02VXfeOLWgjKcXrd7Jz8PZ4KV7L194KBtDtN7mT-i2fzy-avdpFz7Ni-v2IdC2wo1PViD60MOI3Ow\" style=\"margin-left:0px;margin-top:0px;width:373px;height:245px\"><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt\">\n\t<a data-url=\"https:\/\/foto.wuestenigel.com\/robot-holding-a-black-screw-on-blue-background\/\" href=\"https:\/\/foto.wuestenigel.com\/robot-holding-a-black-screw-on-blue-background\/\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"\" rel=\"noopener\"><span><span style=\",sans-serif\"><span style=\"color:#0066cc\"><span style=\"background-color:#ffffff\"><span><span><span style=\"text-decoration:underline\"><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span>Robot holding a black screw on blue background<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><span style=\"line-height:1.2\"><span><span style=\",sans-serif\"><span style=\"color:#0066cc\"><span style=\"background-color:#ffffff\"><span><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span> by <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span><span style=\",sans-serif\"><span style=\"color:#0066cc\"><span><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span>Marco Verch under <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><a data-url=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"\" rel=\"noopener\"><span><span style=\",sans-serif\"><span style=\"color:#0066cc\"><span><span><span style=\"text-decoration:underline\"><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span>Creative Commons BY 2.0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<ul style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;padding-inline-start:48px\">\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type:disc;,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\" style=\"margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt\">\n\t\t\t<span style=\"line-height:1.2\"><span><span><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span>Here is a short video on how you can find a CC image on Flickr, <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span><span style=\"color:#0563c1\"><span><span><span style=\"text-decoration:underline\"><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span>h<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><a data-url=\"https:\/\/ntnu.h5p.com\/content\/1291820242035945937\" href=\"https:\/\/ntnu.h5p.com\/content\/1291820242035945937\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"\" rel=\"noopener\"><span><span style=\"color:#0563c1\"><span><span><span style=\"text-decoration:underline\"><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span>ttps:\/\/ntnu.h5p.com\/content\/1291820242035945937<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><span style=\"line-height:1.2\"> <\/span>\n\t\t<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt\">\n\t<span style=\"line-height:1.2\"><span><span style=\",sans-serif\"><span style=\"font-weight:700\"><span><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span>Self-assessment<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> <\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt\">\n\t<span style=\"line-height:1.2\"><span><span style=\",sans-serif\"><span><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span>Now find out what you have learned by doing this short quiz. Check back in the module to see if you have the right answer.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt\">\n\t\u00a0\n<\/p>\n<hr>\n<p>\n\t\u00a0<span style=\"font-weight: 700\">Task 3: Quiz:<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\t<div class=\"video-placeholder-wrapper video-placeholder-wrapper--fixed\" style=\"height: 339px;\">\n\t\t\t    <div class=\"video-placeholder d-flex justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t        <div class=\"overlay text-white p-2 w-100 text-center d-block justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t            <div>Kolmandate osapoolte sisu n\u00e4gemiseks palun n\u00f5ustu k\u00fcpsistega.<\/div>\n\t\t\t            <button class=\"btn btn-secondary btn-sm mt-1 consent-change\">Muuda n\u00f5usolekut<\/button>\n\t\t\t        <\/div>\n\t\t\t    <\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n<\/p>\n<hr>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt\">\n\t\u00a0\n<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt\">\n\t\u00a0<span style=\"line-height:1.2\"><span><span style=\",sans-serif\"><span><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span><strong>ACTIVITY:<\/strong> The final activity gives you the chance to apply what you have learned.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt\">\n\t<span style=\"line-height:1.2\"><span><span style=\",sans-serif\"><span style=\"font-weight:700\"><span><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span>Task 4: Creating a presentation<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<ul style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;padding-inline-start:48px\">\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type:disc;,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\" style=\"margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt\">\n\t\t\t<span style=\"line-height:1.2\"><span><span><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span>Create a presentation about a CHO of your choosing. Create your presentation using Miro, PowerPoint or in any other way that is familiar to you.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\n\t\t<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"margin-left:36pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt\">\n\t\u00a0\n<\/p>\n<ul style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;padding-inline-start:48px\">\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type:disc;,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\" style=\"margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt\">\n\t\t\t<span style=\"line-height:1.2\"><span><span><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span>Find accurate historical information, accurate new information, and find pictures and images you can use that are either in the public domain, or licensed for use through Creative commons. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\n\t\t<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<ul style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;padding-inline-start:48px\">\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type:disc;,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\" style=\"margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt\">\n\t\t\t<span style=\"line-height:1.2\"><span><span><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span>Remember to properly cite the sources you\u2019ve used.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\n\t\t<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<hr>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt\">\n\t<span style=\"line-height:1.2\"><span><span style=\",sans-serif\"><span style=\"font-weight:700\"><span><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span>Suggestions for Further Readings<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<ul style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;padding-inline-start:48px\">\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type:disc;,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\" style=\"margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt\">\n\t\t\t<span style=\"line-height:1.2\"><span><span><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span>Copyright: <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><a data-url=\"https:\/\/digit.ntnu.no\/courses\/course-v1:NTNU+BIB101+2020\/course\/\" href=\"https:\/\/digit.ntnu.no\/courses\/course-v1:NTNU+BIB101+2020\/course\/\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"\" rel=\"noopener\"><span><span style=\"color:#0066cc\"><span><span><span style=\"text-decoration:underline\"><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span>https:\/\/digit.ntnu.no\/courses\/course-v1:NTNU+BIB101+2020\/course\/<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a>\n\t\t<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"margin-left:36pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt\">\n\t<span style=\"line-height:1.2\"><a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/\" style=\"text-decoration:none\"><span><span style=\",sans-serif\"><span style=\"color:#0066cc\"><span><span><span style=\"text-decoration:underline\"><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span>https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> <\/span>\n<\/p>\n<ul style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;padding-inline-start:48px\">\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type:disc;,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\" style=\"margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt\">\n\t\t\t<span style=\"line-height:1.2\"><span><span><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span>PhD on Track on Copyright: <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span><span style=\"color:#1a1a1a\"><span style=\"background-color:#ffffff\"><span><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span>: <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><a data-url=\"https:\/\/www.phdontrack.net\/share-and-publish\/copyright\/index.html\" href=\"https:\/\/www.phdontrack.net\/share-and-publish\/copyright\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"\" rel=\"noopener\"><span><span style=\"color:#000068\"><span style=\"background-color:#ffffff\"><span><span><span style=\"text-decoration:underline\"><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span>https:\/\/www.phdontrack.net\/share-and-publish\/copyright\/index.html<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><span style=\"line-height:1.2\"> <\/span>\n\t\t<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type:disc;,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\" style=\"margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt\">\n\t\t\t<span style=\"line-height:1.2\"><span><span><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span>Digital literacy toolkit: <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><a data-url=\"https:\/\/rossieronline.usc.edu\/blog\/digital-literacy-teacher-toolkit\/\" href=\"https:\/\/rossieronline.usc.edu\/blog\/digital-literacy-teacher-toolkit\/\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"\" rel=\"noopener\"><span><span style=\"color:#0066cc\"><span><span><span style=\"text-decoration:underline\"><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span>https:\/\/rossieronline.usc.edu\/blog\/digital-literacy-teacher-toolkit\/<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><span style=\"line-height:1.2\"> <\/span>\n\t\t<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type:disc;,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\" style=\"margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt\">\n\t\t\t<span style=\"line-height:1.2\"><span><span><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span>iJNET:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> <\/span><a data-url=\"https:\/\/ijnet.org\/en\/story\/tools-teaching-media-literacy\" href=\"https:\/\/ijnet.org\/en\/story\/tools-teaching-media-literacy\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"\" rel=\"noopener\"><span><span style=\"color:#0066cc\"><span><span><span style=\"text-decoration:underline\"><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span>https:\/\/ijnet.org\/en\/story\/tools-teaching-media-literacy<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><span style=\"line-height:1.2\"> <\/span>\n\t\t<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type:disc;,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\" style=\"margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt\">\n\t\t\t<span style=\"line-height:1.2\"><span><span><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span>Materials and resources used: Computer, book academic journals, websites <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\n\t\t<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"margin-left:36pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt\">\n\t<a data-url=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.pub\/webliteracy\/front-matter\/web-strategies-for-student-fact-checkers\/\" href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.pub\/webliteracy\/front-matter\/web-strategies-for-student-fact-checkers\/\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"\" rel=\"noopener\"><span><span style=\",sans-serif\"><span style=\"color:#0563c1\"><span><span><span style=\"text-decoration:underline\"><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span>https:\/\/pressbooks.pub\/webliteracy\/front-matter\/web-strategies-for-student-fact-checkers\/<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><span style=\"line-height:1.2\"> <\/span>\n<\/p>\n<ul style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;padding-inline-start:48px\">\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type:disc;,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\" style=\"margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt\">\n\t\t\t<span style=\"line-height:1.2\"><span><span><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span>Images with CC licences: <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><a data-url=\"http:\/\/www.flickr.com\/\" href=\"http:\/\/www.flickr.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"\" rel=\"noopener\"><span><span style=\"color:#0066cc\"><span><span><span style=\"text-decoration:underline\"><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span>www.flickr.com<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><span style=\"line-height:1.2\"> <\/span>\n\t\t<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type:disc;,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\" style=\"margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt\">\n\t\t\t<span style=\"line-height:1.2\"><span><span><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span>Royalty free music and images: <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><a data-url=\"https:\/\/pixabay.com\/\" href=\"https:\/\/pixabay.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"\" rel=\"noopener\"><span><span style=\"color:#0066cc\"><span><span><span style=\"text-decoration:underline\"><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span>https:\/\/pixabay.com\/<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><span style=\"line-height:1.2\"> <\/span>\n\t\t<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type:disc;,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\" style=\"margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt\">\n\t\t\t<span style=\"line-height:1.2\"><span><span><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span>Creative Commons: <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><a data-url=\"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/\" href=\"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"\" rel=\"noopener\"><span><span style=\"color:#0066cc\"><span><span><span style=\"text-decoration:underline\"><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span>http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><span style=\"line-height:1.2\"> <\/span>\n\t\t<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type:disc;,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\" style=\"margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt\">\n\t\t\t<span style=\"line-height:1.2\"><span><span><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span>European Digital Media Observatory: <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><a data-url=\"https:\/\/edmo.eu\/\" href=\"https:\/\/edmo.eu\/\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"\" rel=\"noopener\"><span><span style=\"color:#0066cc\"><span><span><span style=\"text-decoration:underline\"><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span>https:\/\/edmo.eu\/<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><span style=\"line-height:1.2\"> <\/span>\n\t\t<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type:disc;,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\" style=\"margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt\">\n\t\t\t<span style=\"line-height:1.2\"><span><span><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span>Lie Detectors \u2013 Critical Thinking: <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><a data-url=\"https:\/\/lie-detectors.org\/\" href=\"https:\/\/lie-detectors.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"\" rel=\"noopener\"><span><span style=\"color:#0066cc\"><span><span><span style=\"text-decoration:underline\"><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span>https:\/\/lie-detectors.org\/<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><span style=\"line-height:1.2\"> <\/span>\n\t\t<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"margin-left:36pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt\">\n\t\u00a0\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\u00a0\n<\/p>\n<hr>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt\">\n\t<span style=\"line-height:1.2\"><span style=\"background-color:#ffffff\"><span><span style=\",sans-serif\"><span style=\"font-style:italic\"><span><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span>Footnotes: <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<ol style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;padding-inline-start:48px\">\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type:decimal;,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\" style=\"margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt\">\n\t\t\t<span style=\"line-height:1.2\"><span style=\"background-color:#ffffff\"><span><span><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span>You can find more information on the subject of Bias here: <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><a data-url=\"https:\/\/www.psychologytoday.com\/us\/basics\/bias\" href=\"https:\/\/www.psychologytoday.com\/us\/basics\/bias\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"\" rel=\"noopener\"><span><span style=\"color:#1155cc\"><span><span><span style=\"text-decoration:underline\"><span><span style=\"vertical-align:baseline\"><span>Bias | Psychology Today<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><span style=\"line-height:1.2\"><span style=\"background-color:#ffffff\"> <\/span><\/span>\n\t\t<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\n\t\u00a0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00a0 \u00a0 Learning outcomes: Use digital tools for information gathering Evaluate information sources Identify sources and licences that can be used when creating resources Structure: Introduction Activities Tools Self assessment \u00a0 Brief description of content \u00a0 By the end of &#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":28,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-7","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/echoing\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/echoing\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/echoing\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/echoing\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/28"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/echoing\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/echoing\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":117,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/echoing\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7\/revisions\/117"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/echoing\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}