{"id":49,"date":"2024-04-12T14:33:16","date_gmt":"2024-04-12T11:33:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/digitalenglishstudies\/data-analysis-self-test\/"},"modified":"2024-04-12T14:33:16","modified_gmt":"2024-04-12T11:33:16","slug":"data-analysis-self-test","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/digitalenglishstudies\/data-analysis-self-test\/","title":{"rendered":"Data analysis: Self-test"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"watupro_quiz\" class=\"quiz-area \">\n<p id=\"submittingExam2\" style=\"display:none;text-align:center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/plugins\/watupro\/img\/loading.gif\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\"><\/p>\n\n<div class=\"watupro-exam-description\" id=\"description-quiz-2\"><p>Questions about the key concepts in data analysis.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<form action=\"\" method=\"post\" class=\"quiz-form\" id=\"quiz-2\" enctype=\"multipart\/form-data\">\n<div class=\"watu-question \" id=\"question-1\" style=\"display:block;;\"><div id=\"questionWrap-1\" class=\"   watupro-question-id-3\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"question-content\"><p>What is a variable whose value is a numerical measurement along a particular dimension (e.g.age|income|length of words)?\u00a0<br><select name=\"gap_3_1\" class=\"watupro-gap answer answerof-3\"><option value=\"\"><\/option><option value=\"ordinal variable\">ordinal variable<\/option><option value=\"inferential statistics\">inferential statistics<\/option><option value=\"nominal variable\">nominal variable<\/option><option value=\"variable\">variable<\/option><option value=\"dependent variable\">dependent variable<\/option><option value=\"descriptive statistics\">descriptive statistics<\/option><option value=\"cardinal variable\">cardinal variable<\/option><option value=\"independent variable\">independent variable<\/option><\/select><br>\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0<br>What do we call the outcome variable|the one that changes as a function of some other parameters of interest; the variable that is being measured or tested in a study|e.g. in a study looking at how tutoring impacts test scores|the dependent variable would be the participants' test scores|since that is what is being measured?<br><select name=\"gap_3_2\" class=\"watupro-gap answer answerof-3\"><option value=\"\"><\/option><option value=\"inferential statistics\">inferential statistics<\/option><option value=\"nominal variable\">nominal variable<\/option><option value=\"dependent variable\">dependent variable<\/option><option value=\"descriptive statistics\">descriptive statistics<\/option><option value=\"variable\">variable<\/option><option value=\"ordinal variable\">ordinal variable<\/option><option value=\"independent variable\">independent variable<\/option><option value=\"cardinal variable\">cardinal variable<\/option><\/select><\/p>\n<p>What do we call the variable that influences the outcome; researchers are looking at how changes in the independent variable cause changes in the dependent variable|e.g. in a study looking at how tutoring impacts test scores|the independent variable would be the type of tutoring?<br><select name=\"gap_3_3\" class=\"watupro-gap answer answerof-3\"><option value=\"\"><\/option><option value=\"variable\">variable<\/option><option value=\"descriptive statistics\">descriptive statistics<\/option><option value=\"inferential statistics\">inferential statistics<\/option><option value=\"dependent variable\">dependent variable<\/option><option value=\"independent variable\">independent variable<\/option><option value=\"cardinal variable\">cardinal variable<\/option><option value=\"nominal variable\">nominal variable<\/option><option value=\"ordinal variable\">ordinal variable<\/option><\/select><\/p>\n<p>What is a variable whose values are labels for categories that have no intrinsic order with respect to each other (e.g. gender|nationality|native language)?<br><select name=\"gap_3_4\" class=\"watupro-gap answer answerof-3\"><option value=\"\"><\/option><option value=\"cardinal variable\">cardinal variable<\/option><option value=\"inferential statistics\">inferential statistics<\/option><option value=\"descriptive statistics\">descriptive statistics<\/option><option value=\"ordinal variable\">ordinal variable<\/option><option value=\"variable\">variable<\/option><option value=\"independent variable\">independent variable<\/option><option value=\"nominal variable\">nominal variable<\/option><option value=\"dependent variable\">dependent variable<\/option><\/select><br>\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0<br>What is a variable whose values are labels for categories that have an intrinsic order with respect to each other but that cannot be expressed in terms of natural numbers (e.g. education|school grades|ratings in a questionnaire)<br><select name=\"gap_3_5\" class=\"watupro-gap answer answerof-3\"><option value=\"\"><\/option><option value=\"ordinal variable\">ordinal variable<\/option><option value=\"independent variable\">independent variable<\/option><option value=\"descriptive statistics\">descriptive statistics<\/option><option value=\"dependent variable\">dependent variable<\/option><option value=\"variable\">variable<\/option><option value=\"nominal variable\">nominal variable<\/option><option value=\"cardinal variable\">cardinal variable<\/option><option value=\"inferential statistics\">inferential statistics<\/option><\/select><\/p>\n<p>What is the approach in statistics when we use different ways to describe our data (e.g. measure of central tendency|measure of spread)? We use this type of statistics simply to describe what's going on in our data.<br><select name=\"gap_3_6\" class=\"watupro-gap answer answerof-3\"><option value=\"\"><\/option><option value=\"cardinal variable\">cardinal variable<\/option><option value=\"descriptive statistics\">descriptive statistics<\/option><option value=\"nominal variable\">nominal variable<\/option><option value=\"variable\">variable<\/option><option value=\"dependent variable\">dependent variable<\/option><option value=\"inferential statistics\">inferential statistics<\/option><option value=\"ordinal variable\">ordinal variable<\/option><option value=\"independent variable\">independent variable<\/option><\/select><\/p>\n<p>What is the approach in statistics when we are trying to reach conclusions that extend beyond the immediate data alone|i.e. to infer from the sample data what the population might think? we use this type of statistics to make inferences from our data to more general conditions.<br><select name=\"gap_3_7\" class=\"watupro-gap answer answerof-3\"><option value=\"\"><\/option><option value=\"cardinal variable\">cardinal variable<\/option><option value=\"dependent variable\">dependent variable<\/option><option value=\"independent variable\">independent variable<\/option><option value=\"variable\">variable<\/option><option value=\"ordinal variable\">ordinal variable<\/option><option value=\"nominal variable\">nominal variable<\/option><option value=\"inferential statistics\">inferential statistics<\/option><option value=\"descriptive statistics\">descriptive statistics<\/option><\/select><\/p>\n<p>What do we call some property of the objects that can vary and that can be measured and described?<br><select name=\"gap_3_8\" class=\"watupro-gap answer answerof-3\"><option value=\"\"><\/option><option value=\"nominal variable\">nominal variable<\/option><option value=\"inferential statistics\">inferential statistics<\/option><option value=\"dependent variable\">dependent variable<\/option><option value=\"cardinal variable\">cardinal variable<\/option><option value=\"descriptive statistics\">descriptive statistics<\/option><option value=\"independent variable\">independent variable<\/option><option value=\"ordinal variable\">ordinal variable<\/option><option value=\"variable\">variable<\/option><\/select><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"question_id[]\" id=\"qID_1\" value=\"3\" class=\"watupro-question-id\"><input type=\"hidden\" id=\"answerType3\" class=\"answerTypeCnt1\" value=\"gaps\"><!-- end question-content--><\/div><!-- end questionWrap--><\/div><p class=\"watupro-qnum-info \">Question 1 of 2<\/p><\/div><div class=\"watu-question \" id=\"question-2\" style=\";\"><div id=\"questionWrap-2\" class=\"   watupro-question-id-4\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"question-content\"><p><strong>Type the correct answer<\/strong>. Choose from the following key concepts: <em>population|sample|variance|mean|standard deviation|range|mode|range|median<\/em><br><input type=\"text\" size=\"10\" name=\"gap_4_1\" class=\"watupro-gap answer answerof-4\" value=\"\"> is a measure of central tendency; to calculate it|all the values of a variable are added and then the sum is divided by the number of values<br><input type=\"text\" size=\"10\" name=\"gap_4_2\" class=\"watupro-gap answer answerof-4\" value=\"\"> is a measure of central tendency; the value that lies in the middle of a set of values - 50% of the values lie above the median|and 50% lie below the median<br><input type=\"text\" size=\"10\" name=\"gap_4_3\" class=\"watupro-gap answer answerof-4\" value=\"\">is a measure of central tendency; the value that occurs most frequently in the data<br><input type=\"text\" size=\"10\" name=\"gap_4_4\" class=\"watupro-gap answer answerof-4\" value=\"\"> is the entire set of a clearly defined group of people or objects; samples may be drawn from the population|with the aim of generalizing from the sample to the whole population<br><input type=\"text\" size=\"10\" name=\"gap_4_5\" class=\"watupro-gap answer answerof-4\" value=\"\"> is a measure of dispersion of data; it is calculated by subtracting the value of the lowest data point from that of the highest data point<br><input type=\"text\" size=\"10\" name=\"gap_4_6\" class=\"watupro-gap answer answerof-4\" value=\"\"> is a group of cases (e.g. occurrences|texts|participants) taken from a population that will|hopefully|represent that population such that findings from the sample can be generalised to the\u00a0<br><input type=\"text\" size=\"10\" name=\"gap_4_7\" class=\"watupro-gap answer answerof-4\" value=\"\"> is the average amount by which each score differs from the mean<br><input type=\"text\" size=\"10\" name=\"gap_4_8\" class=\"watupro-gap answer answerof-4\" value=\"\"> in statistics|is the extent to which a set of numbers is spread out from the mean of the set of numbers<\/p>\n<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"question_id[]\" id=\"qID_2\" value=\"4\" class=\"watupro-question-id\"><input type=\"hidden\" id=\"answerType4\" class=\"answerTypeCnt2\" value=\"gaps\"><!-- end question-content--><\/div><!-- end questionWrap--><\/div><p class=\"watupro-qnum-info \">Question 2 of 2<\/p><\/div><div style=\"display:none\" id=\"question-3\">\n\t<div class=\"question-content\">\n\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/plugins\/watupro\/img\/loading.gif\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" alt=\"Loading...\" title=\"Loading...\">\u00a0Loading...\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<br>\n\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"watupro_buttons flex \" id=\"watuPROButtons2\">\n\t\t  <div id=\"prev-question\" style=\"display:none;\"><input type=\"button\" value=\"&lt; Previous\" onclick=\"WatuPRO.nextQuestion(event, 'previous');\"><\/div>\t\t  <div id=\"next-question\"><input type=\"button\" value=\"Next &gt;\" onclick=\"WatuPRO.nextQuestion(event);\"><\/div>\t\t  \t\t   \n\t\t   \t  \t\t<div><input type=\"button\" name=\"action\" class=\"watupro-submit-button\" onclick=\"WatuPRO.submitResult(event)\" id=\"action-button\" value=\"View Results\" style=\"display:none;\">\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"quiz_id\" value=\"2\" id=\"watuPROExamID\">\n\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"start_time\" id=\"startTime\" value=\"2026-04-15 10:31:58\">\n\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"start_timestamp\" id=\"startTimeStamp\" value=\"1776249118\">\n\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"question_ids\" value=\"\">\n\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"watupro_questions\" value=\"3:3 | 4:4\">\n\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"no_ajax\" value=\"0\">\t\t\t<\/form>\n\t<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<script type=\"text\/javascript\">\n\/\/jQuery(document).ready(function(){\ndocument.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", function(event) { \t\nvar question_ids = \"3,4\";\nWatuPROSettings[2] = {};\nWatuPRO.qArr = question_ids.split(',');\nWatuPRO.exam_id = 2;\t    \nWatuPRO.post_id = 49;\nWatuPRO.store_progress = 0;\nWatuPRO.curCatPage = 1;\nWatuPRO.requiredIDs=\"0\".split(\",\");\nWatuPRO.hAppID = \"0.86856700 1776238318\";\nvar url = \"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/plugins\/watupro\/show_exam.php\";\nWatuPRO.examMode = 0;\nWatuPRO.siteURL=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/digitalenglishstudies\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php\";\nWatuPRO.emailIsNotRequired = 0;\nWatuPRO.perDecade = 10;\nWatuPROIntel.init(2);\n});    \t \n<\/script>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":76,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-49","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/digitalenglishstudies\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/49","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/digitalenglishstudies\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/digitalenglishstudies\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/digitalenglishstudies\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/76"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/digitalenglishstudies\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=49"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/digitalenglishstudies\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/49\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/digitalenglishstudies\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=49"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}