Organizers: L\u00e1szl\u00f3 Fejes and Jack Rueter<\/p>\n\n\n
Download PDF<\/a><\/p>\n In many \u2013 if not all \u2013 Uralic languages, one can find consonants and\/or vowels whose phonemic status can be debated, or at least ones that rarely distinguish word forms since they only occur in a very restricted set of phonological environments.<\/p>\n Some of these segments can be identified as xenophone<\/em>s, as their phonemic value can be supposed only in foreign words. Examples include Votic \/\u0268\/ (Ariste 1968: 1, Lauerma 1993: 53), Hungarian \/\u0251\/ (N\u00e1dasdy\u2013Sipt\u00e1r 1989: 11\u201313; Keresztes 1993: 49) or Finnish \/b\/, \/d\/, \/g\/, \/f\/, \/\u0283\/ and \/\u0292\/ (Hakulinen et al. 2004: \u00a76). Phonemes occurring exclusively in foreign words might behave in very different ways across languages: although \/f\/ does not occur in native words in most of the Uralic languages, its pronunciation\u00a0\u00a0 [f] does not cause any difficulty for speakers of Finnish or Udmurt, while it is often substituted with [p] by the speakers of Mansi or Khanty.<\/p>\n Another argument for the phonemic status of marginal phonemes can be their occurrence in onomatopoeic words. Erzya [\u0268] is an allomorph of \/i\/ after non-palatalized alveolar consonants, but \/\u0268\/ also occurs in other positions in Russian words and some onomatopoeic stems (Rueter 2010: 16, 59\u201361). Also in Erzya, the bilabial tremulant \/\u0299\/ only occurs in onomatopoeic animal calls and motherese words like \/\u0299uav\/ \u2018outside (lative)\u2019<\/p>\n (Rueter 2010: 61). Similarly, Hungarian \/p\u0361 <\/sup>\u0278\/ is used only in onomatopoeic interjections like \/p\u0361 <\/sup>\u0278u(\u02d0)j\/ \u2018yuck\u2019 and words derived from them like \/p\u0361 <\/sup>\u0278u(\u02d0)jol\/ \u2018to boo\u2019: and [p\u0361 <\/sup>\u0278] can be always substituted by [f].<\/p>\n Many marginal phonemes are not restricted to foreign or onomatopoeic words, but are restricted phonologically. Livonian \/\u0264\/ and \/\u0264\u02d0\/ only occur in initial syllables following word-initial labial consonants (Viitso 2008: 311). In Moksha, the vowels \/\u0251\/ and \/\u00e6\/ are considered to be distinct phonemes, but in non-initial syllables, \/\u00e6\/ only occurs following palatalised consonants, and even then only word-finally or followed by either another palatalized consonant or a sibilant: consequently, it alters with \/\u0251\/ in paradigms\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (Bartens 1999: 30): in any case, it is very difficult to find minimal pairs with \/\u0251\/ and \/\u00e6\/ in the literature (\/k\u0251l\u02b2\/ \u2018willow\u2019 and \/k\u00e6l\u02b2\/ \u2018tongue, language\u2019). In Udmurt, \/u\u032f \/ only occurs in the initial syllables of about 30 words, always following a word-initial \/k\/ and before \/\u0251\/ (in one exception, before \/i\/: \/ku\u032f i\u0272\/ \u2018three\u2019), although in some dialects, \/u\u032f \/ occurs word-initially before \/\u0251\/ (Kel\u2019makov 1998: 83\u201386). In Nganasan, \/u\u032f \u0251\/ occurs almost exclusively following \/h\/ (Fejes 2021: 243\u2013249).<\/p>\n In some other cases, there are no phonetic-phonemic restrictions at all. In Hungarian,<\/p>\n \/\u0252\u02d0\/ and \/\u025b\u02d0\/ occur as the name of the letters <a> and <e>, respectively, and also in acronyms<\/p>\n (N\u00e1dasdy\u2013Sipt\u00e1r 1989: 13\u201314, Keresztes 1993: 49\u201351), but not elsewhere. In Standard Erzya, [\u014b] regularly occurs in the coda before velar consonants [k] and [g]; however, there is a single dialect word, \/\u014bot\/ \u2018so (you see)\u2019, with an [\u014b] in the onset (contrasted to \/not\/ \u2018note\u2019) (Rueter 2010: 58\u201359). In the Beserman dialect of Udmurt, \/\u0268\/ is attested in 17 words, some of them native (Idrisov 2012).<\/p>\n The occurrence of marginal morphemes can be restricted by morphology. E.g. Finnish \/\u0294\/ only occurs in a morpheme-final position, and it is not analysed as a phoneme e.g. by Hakulinen et al. (2004: \u00a73, \u00a734): in most cases, it is assimilated by a following consonant. Sometimes morphophonology suggests that we should suppose more underlying phonemes than surface forms indicate. In Standard Komi (both Zyryan and Permyak), morpheme-final [v] (in the coda) usually alternates with [\u026b] (in the onset), but there are also morphemes with non-alternating final [v]s and [\u026b]s. A possible analysis for the three different behaviours is a supposition of three different phonemes which are realised in three different ways but with overlapping results.<\/p>\n In some cases, the phonemic status in general is undoubted, but it is questionable whether the given phoneme occurs in a given position. In Vakh Khanty, \/o\/, \/\u00f8\/, \/\u014f\/ and \/\u00f8\u0306 \/ are clearly distict phonemes in initial syllables, but they do not occur in non-initial syllables except for the ablative [-o\u0263] and [-\u00f8\u0263] and in the first person plural suffix ending [-\u014f\u0263] : [-\u00f8\u0306 \u0263], both alternating due to vowel harmony (Tere\u0161kin 1961: 9-12).<\/p>\n Finally, there are cases when the phonemic status of a sound is uncertain because there are no sufficient data. In Kamas, the existence of a phoneme \/\u025b\/ or \/\u00e6\/, distinct from \/e\/, is not straightforward (Klumpp 2016: 40).<\/p>\n Any papers discussing marginal phonemes, arguing for or against any of them, discussing them from either a synchronic or a historical point of view, empirically or theoretically, in a particular dialect or language or cross-linguistically (among Uralic languages or also outside of them) are welcome. The language of the workshop is English.<\/p>\n References<\/strong><\/p>\n Ariste, Paul. 1968. A grammar of the Votic language <\/em>(Uralic and Altaic series 68).<\/p>\n Bloomington & The Hague: Indiana University & Mouton.<\/p>\n Bartens, Raija. 1999. Mordvalaiskielten rakenne ja kehitys. <\/em>(Suomalais-ugrilaisen Seuran Toimituksia 232). Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura.<\/p>\n Fejes, L\u00e1szl\u00f3 2021. Reconsidering the Nganasan vowel system. In: Szever\u00e9nyi, S\u00e1ndor (ed.). Uralic studies, languages, and researchers. Proceedings of the 5th Mikola Conference (Szeged, 19\u201320, September 2019). <\/em>Studia Uralo-Altaica 54, 229\u2013253.<\/p>\n Hakulinen, Auli \u2013 Vilkuna, Maria \u2013 Korhonen, Riitta \u2013 Koivisto, Vesa \u2013 Heinonen, Tarja Riitta \u2013 Alho, Irja. 2004. Iso suomen kielioppi <\/em>(Suomalaisen Kirjallisuuden Seuran Toimituksia 950). H\u00e4meenlinna: Suomalaisen Kirjallisuuden Seura.<\/p>\n Idrisov, R. I. 2012. Vokalizm besermjanskogo dialekta udmurtskogo jazyka na materiale govora derevni \u0160amardan Jukamenskogo rajona Udmurtii. In Finno-ugorskie jazyki: fragmenty grammati\u010deskogo opisanija. Formal\u2019nyj i funkcional\u2019nyj podxody<\/em>. Moskva: Jazyki slavjanskix kul\u2019tur.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 591\u2013607.<\/p>\n Kel\u2019makov, V. K. 1998. Kratkij kurs udmurtskoj dialektologii<\/em>. I\u017eevsk: Izdatel\u2019stvo Udmurtskogo Universiteta.<\/p>\n Keresztes L\u00e1szl\u00f3. 1993. \u00daj mag\u00e1nhangz\u00f3-fon\u00e9m\u00e1k a magyarban? Hungarologische Beitrage<\/em><\/p>\n Klumpp, Gerson. 2016. Kamas<\/em>. Erasmus Plus InFUSE, eE-leaning [sic] course spring 2016. https:\/\/www.infuse.finnougristik.uni-muenchen.de\/e-learning\/kamas\/o1_kamas.pdf<\/p>\n Lauerma, Petri. 1993. Vatjan vokaalisointu <\/em>(Suomalais-ugrilaisen Seuran Toimituksia 214). Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen Seura.<\/p>\n N\u00e1dasdy, \u00c1d\u00e1m \u2013 Sipt\u00e1r, P\u00e9ter. 1989. Issues in Hungarian phonology. Acta Linguistica Hungarica <\/em>39: 3\u2013 27.<\/p>\n Rueter, Jack. 2010. Adnominal Person in the Morphological System of Erzya.<\/em><\/p>\n (Suomalais-ugrilaisen Seuran Toimituksia 261). Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura.<\/p>\n Tere\u0161kin, N. I. 1961. O\u010derki dialektov xantyjskogo jazyka. \u010c. 1. Vaxovskij dialekt <\/em>. Moskva & Leningrad: Izdatel\u2019stvo Akademii Nauk SSSR.<\/p>\n Viitso, Tiit-Rein. 2008. Liivi keel ja l\u00e4\u00e4nemeresoome keelemaastikud<\/em>. Tartu \u2013 Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus.<\/p>\n Contact persons<\/strong>: L\u00e1szl\u00f3 Fejes f<\/a>ejes.laszlo@nytud.hun-ren.hu<\/a>, <\/em>Jack Rueter jack.rueter@helsinki.fi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Organizers: L\u00e1szl\u00f3 Fejes and Jack Rueter Download PDF In many \u2013 if not all \u2013 Uralic languages, one can find consonants and\/or vowels whose phonemic status can be debated, or at least ones that rarely distinguish word forms since they …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":306,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-518","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/cifu14\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/518","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/cifu14\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/cifu14\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/cifu14\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/306"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/cifu14\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=518"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/cifu14\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/518\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":578,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/cifu14\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/518\/revisions\/578"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/cifu14\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=518"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}\n