{"id":7,"date":"2024-04-04T08:54:49","date_gmt":"2024-04-04T05:54:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/biopohikool\/32-vili-ja-levimine\/"},"modified":"2024-04-04T08:56:58","modified_gmt":"2024-04-04T05:56:58","slug":"32-vili-ja-levimine","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/biopohikool\/32-vili-ja-levimine\/","title":{"rendered":"3,2. VILI ja LEVIMINE"},"content":{"rendered":"<h4>\n\t3.2.1. Kuidas me liigitame vilju?<br>\n<\/h4>\n<p>\n\tVeesisalduse j\u00e4rgi eristatakse\u00a0<strong>lihakvilju ja kuivvilju<\/strong>. Lihakviljad on valminult lihakad ja mahlased (n\u00e4iteks \u00f5unal v\u00f5i pirnil \u00f5unvili, tomatil mari ja ploomil luuvili).\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\tValminud vilju, mis sisaldavad v\u00e4ga v\u00e4he vett, nimetatakse kuivviljadeks. Need jaotatakse omakorda ava- ja sulgviljadeks. Avaviljad k\u00fcpsedes avanevad ja seemned varisevad (n\u00e4iteks hernel kaun , moonil kupar). Sulgviljad ei avane, sest neis on ainult \u00fcks seeme (n\u00e4iteks p\u00e4rnal p\u00e4hklike, v\u00f5ilillel ja p\u00e4evalillel seemnis, rukkil teris).\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"820\" height=\"485\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-155\" src=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/648\/viljatuubid.png\" title=\"viljatuubid.png\" alt=\"Erinevad viljat\u00fc\u00fcbid\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/648\/viljatuubid.png 820w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/648\/viljatuubid-300x177.png 300w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/648\/viljatuubid-768x454.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 820px) 100vw, 820px\">\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\tJoonis 8. Erinevad viljat\u00fc\u00fcbid\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\u00a0\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\tSeemnete arv viljas s\u00f5ltub viljastatud seemnealgmete arvust sigimikus.<br>\u00a0\n<\/p>\n<h4>\n\t3.2.2. Kuidas viljad levivad?<br>\n<\/h4>\n<p>\n\tViljade ja seemnete rohkus, nende v\u00f5ime taluda ebasoodsaid keskkonnatingimusi ning laialdane levimine emataimest kaugemale kindlustab taimedele j\u00e4rglaskonna ja p\u00fcsimaj\u00e4\u00e4mise.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\tPaljud viljad on kohastunud levima<strong>\u00a0tuule ja loomade abil.<\/strong><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><strong>Tuulega<\/strong>\u00a0levivad viljad on v\u00e4ikesed ja kerged, neil on kas<strong>\u00a0lennutiivad v\u00f5i- karvad.<\/strong>\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\t<strong>Loomad\u00a0<\/strong>levitavad vilju mitmel viisil. Need v\u00f5ivad kanduda edasi,<strong>\u00a0haakudes<\/strong>\u00a0loomade karvadesse (kuivviljad).<strong>\u00a0Mahlakad<\/strong>\u00a0viljad on loomadele toiduks. Seemned on kaetud tugeva kestaga ning l\u00e4bivad vigastamatult loomade seedekulgla.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\tOn taimi, kes\u00a0<strong>levitavad ise\u00a0<\/strong>oma seemneid. Neil on paikviljad, mis avanevad\u00a0 valmides iseenesest\u00a0 ja paiskavad oma seemned \u00fcmbruskonda laiali.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\tVeetaimedel on viljades sageli \u00f5hup\u00f5ied, mis hoiavad neid vee peal ja nad levivad vee abil.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\u00a0\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\t<strong>\u00a0<\/strong><strong>Tabel 6.<\/strong>\u00a0Viljade levimisviisid.\u00a0\n<\/p>\n<table class=\"table table-hover\" border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"5\" cellspacing=\"0\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"col\">\n<p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<strong>Viljade levimisviisid<\/strong>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th scope=\"col\">\n<p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<strong>Ehituslik erip\u00e4ra<\/strong>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th scope=\"col\">\n<p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<strong>N\u00e4ited<\/strong>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"176\">\n<p>\n\t\t\t\t\tTuullevi\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"209\">\n<p>\n\t\t\t\t\ta)\u00a0 lennutiibadega\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\t\t\tb) lennukarvadega\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"183\">\n<p>\n\t\t\t\t\ta)\u00a0\u00a0vaher, p\u00e4rn, saar,\u00a0kask\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\t\t\tb)\u00a0ohakas, v\u00f5ilill, paju, p\u00f5drakanep\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"176\">\n<p>\n\t\t\t\t\tLoomalevi\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"209\">\n<p>\n\t\t\t\t\ta) mahlakad viljad- loomad s\u00f6\u00f6vad\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\t\t\tb) haakekonksudega- j\u00e4\u00e4vad karvadesse kinni\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"183\">\n<p>\n\t\t\t\t\ta) toomingas, maasikas, sarapuu\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\t\t\tb) takjas, ruse, m\u00f5\u00f5l\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"176\">\n<p>\n\t\t\t\t\tIselevi\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"209\">\n<p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\u00a0paiskviljad \u2013 seemned\u00a0paiskuvad laiali\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"183\">\n<p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\u00a0lemmalts,\u00a0\u00a0l\u00e4\u00e4tspuu, moon, kannike\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"176\">\n<p>\n\t\t\t\t\tVesilevi\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"209\">\n<p>\n\t\t\t\t\ta) \u00f5huruumid viljades\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\t\t\tb) lima seemnete peal\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"183\">\n<p>\n\t\t\t\t\ta) tarn\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\t\t\tb)\u00a0vesiroos\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\n\t<strong>\u00a0<\/strong>\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\tJ\u00e4rjest enam aitab viljade levimisele kaasa inimene. Kultuurtaimede seemneid levitab inimene teadlikult. Tahtmatult levivad koos kultuurtaimedega umbrohud. Nende viljad ja seemned kanduvad edasi liiklusvahendite ning kaubaga. V\u00f5\u00f5ramaiseid taimi v\u00f5ib kohata eelk\u00f5ige raudteede ja sadamate \u00fcmbruses. Niisuguseid juhuslikult sisser\u00e4nnanud taimi nimetatakse\u00a0<strong>tulnukateks. \u00a0<\/strong>Inimese poolt<strong>\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong>sissetoodud liike aga<strong>\u00a0v\u00f5\u00f5rliikideks.\u00a0<\/strong>M\u00f5ned nendest kodunevad kiiresti ja levivad erinevatele kasvukohtadele (Kanada \u00f5nnehein, l\u00f5hnav kummel, Sosnovski karuputk).\n<\/p>\n<h4>\n\t<strong>Vaata videot<\/strong><br>\n<\/h4>\n<p>\n\t<\/p><div class=\"ratio ratio-16x9 mb-3\"><div class=\"video-placeholder-wrapper video-placeholder-wrapper--16x9\">\n\t\t\t    <div class=\"video-placeholder d-flex justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t        <div class=\"overlay text-white p-2 w-100 text-center d-block justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t            <div>Kolmandate osapoolte sisu n\u00e4gemiseks palun n\u00f5ustu k\u00fcpsistega.<\/div>\n\t\t\t            <button class=\"btn btn-secondary btn-sm mt-1 consent-change\">Muuda n\u00f5usolekut<\/button>\n\t\t\t        <\/div>\n\t\t\t    <\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>3.2.1. Kuidas me liigitame vilju? Veesisalduse j\u00e4rgi eristatakse\u00a0lihakvilju ja kuivvilju. Lihakviljad on valminult lihakad ja mahlased (n\u00e4iteks \u00f5unal v\u00f5i pirnil \u00f5unvili, tomatil mari ja ploomil luuvili). Valminud vilju, mis sisaldavad v\u00e4ga v\u00e4he vett, nimetatakse kuivviljadeks. Need jaotatakse omakorda ava- ja &#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":345,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-7","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/biopohikool\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/biopohikool\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/biopohikool\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/biopohikool\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/345"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/biopohikool\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/biopohikool\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":633,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/biopohikool\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7\/revisions\/633"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/biopohikool\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}