{"id":19,"date":"2024-04-04T08:54:51","date_gmt":"2024-04-04T05:54:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/biopohikool\/31-mille-poolest-erineb-toiduahel-toiduvorgustikust\/"},"modified":"2024-04-04T08:56:57","modified_gmt":"2024-04-04T05:56:57","slug":"31-mille-poolest-erineb-toiduahel-toiduvorgustikust","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/biopohikool\/31-mille-poolest-erineb-toiduahel-toiduvorgustikust\/","title":{"rendered":"3.1 Mille poolest erineb toiduahel toiduv\u00f5rgustikust?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p dir=\"ltr\" id=\"yui_3_17_2_1_1697302792647_48\">\n\tK\u00f5ik organismid vajavad elamiseks toitu. Toidu koostis ja selle saamise viis on eri organismidel erinev. Taimed on esmased orgaanilise aine\u00a0<strong>tootjad<\/strong>\u00a0(fotos\u00fcnteesivad). Loomad toituvad kas taimedest v\u00f5i loomadest ja on\u00a0<strong>tarbijad<\/strong>.\u00a0\n<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\n\tOrganismidevahelisi toitumissuhteid kujutatakse\u00a0<strong>toiduahelatena<\/strong>. Toiduahelaid on mitmesuguseid. Eristatakse kisk-, lagu- ja nugiahelaid.\n<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\n\t<\/p><div class=\"accordion mb-3\">\n        <div class=\"accordion-item accordion-item--white\">\n        <h2 class=\"accordion-header\" id=\"accordion-69db1c34a0007-heading\">\n            <button class=\"accordion-button collapsed\" type=\"button\" data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\" data-bs-target=\"#accordion-69db1c34a0007-collapse\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-controls=\"accordion-69db1c34a0007-collapse\">Vaata videoid toiduahela ja \u00f6koloogilise p\u00fcramiidi kohta<\/button>\n        <\/h2>\n        <div id=\"accordion-69db1c34a0007-collapse\" class=\"accordion-collapse collapse\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-69db1c34a0007-heading\">\n            <div class=\"accordion-body\">\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\n\t<\/p><div class=\"ratio ratio-16x9 mb-3\"><div class=\"video-placeholder-wrapper video-placeholder-wrapper--16x9\">\n\t\t\t    <div class=\"video-placeholder d-flex justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t        <div class=\"overlay text-white p-2 w-100 text-center d-block justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t            <div>Kolmandate osapoolte sisu n\u00e4gemiseks palun n\u00f5ustu k\u00fcpsistega.<\/div>\n\t\t\t            <button class=\"btn btn-secondary btn-sm mt-1 consent-change\">Muuda n\u00f5usolekut<\/button>\n\t\t\t        <\/div>\n\t\t\t    <\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\n\t<\/p><div class=\"ratio ratio-16x9 mb-3\"><div class=\"video-placeholder-wrapper video-placeholder-wrapper--16x9\">\n\t\t\t    <div class=\"video-placeholder d-flex justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t        <div class=\"overlay text-white p-2 w-100 text-center d-block justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t            <div>Kolmandate osapoolte sisu n\u00e4gemiseks palun n\u00f5ustu k\u00fcpsistega.<\/div>\n\t\t\t            <button class=\"btn btn-secondary btn-sm mt-1 consent-change\">Muuda n\u00f5usolekut<\/button>\n\t\t\t        <\/div>\n\t\t\t    <\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\n\t<\/p><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\n\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"975\" height=\"369\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-170\" style=\"width: 600px;height: 227px\" src=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/648\/toiduahelate_tuubid.png\" title=\"Joonis 5. Toiduahelate t\u00fc\u00fcbid.\" alt=\"Toiduahelate t\u00fc\u00fcbid.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/648\/toiduahelate_tuubid.png 975w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/648\/toiduahelate_tuubid-300x114.png 300w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/648\/toiduahelate_tuubid-768x291.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 975px) 100vw, 975px\">\n<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\n\tToiduahelat kujutatakse ahelana, mille l\u00fclideks on organismid. Nooled nende vahel n\u00e4itavad, mis suunas liigub toidust saadav energia.\n<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\n\t\u00a0\n<\/p>\n<h4>\n\tMis iseloomustab kiskahelat?<br>\n<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\n\t\tKiskahela esimese l\u00fcli (astme) moodustavad alati taimed kui\u00a0<strong>tootjad<\/strong>.\u00a0\n\t<\/li>\n<li>\n\t\tJ\u00e4rgmised l\u00fclid moodustavad loomad. Nad on\u00a0<strong>tarbijad<\/strong>, kes vajavad eluks valmis orgaanilist toitu.\u00a0\n\t<\/li>\n<li>\n\t\tTaimedest toituvad loomad (<strong>taimtoidulised<\/strong>) on\u00a0<strong>esimese astme tarbijad<\/strong>.\u00a0\n\t<\/li>\n<li>\n\t\tTaimtoidulistest loomadest toituvad loomad (putuktoidulised, kiskjad, segatoidulised) on\u00a0<strong>teise astme tarbijad<\/strong>.\n\t<\/li>\n<li>\n\t\tTeise astme tarbijatest toituvad loomad on kolmanda astme tarbijad jne. Kiskahela viimast l\u00fcli nimetatakse\u00a0<strong>tippkiskjateks<\/strong>.\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1718\" height=\"674\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-171\" style=\"width: 800px;height: 314px\" src=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/648\/kiskahel.png\" title=\"Joonis 6:  N\u00e4ide kiskahelast: tootja (taim)  \u2192 I astme tarbija (taimtoiduline loom) \u2192 II astme tarbija   \u2192  III astme tarbija (tippkiskja)\" alt=\"Joonis 6:  N\u00e4ide kiskahelast: tootja (taim)  \u2192 I astme tarbija (taimtoiduline loom) \u2192 II astme tarbija   \u2192  III astme tarbija (tippkiskja)\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/648\/kiskahel.png 1718w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/648\/kiskahel-300x118.png 300w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/648\/kiskahel-1024x402.png 1024w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/648\/kiskahel-768x301.png 768w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/648\/kiskahel-1536x603.png 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1718px) 100vw, 1718px\">\n<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\n\t\u00a0\n<\/p>\n<h4>\n\tMis iseloomustab laguahelat?<br>\n<\/h4>\n<p>\n\tLaguahelas muudetakse organismide elutegevuse j\u00e4\u00e4gid ja surnud organismide j\u00e4\u00e4nused lihtsamateks anorgaanilisteks \u00fchenditeks, mida taimed saavad uuesti kasutada. Laguahelas kasutab iga j\u00e4rgmine tarbija eelmise tarbija j\u00e4\u00e4ke<strong>: ahel algab taime- v\u00f5i loomaj\u00e4\u00e4nuste tarbijatega ja l\u00f5peb mikroorganismidega,<\/strong>\u00a0kes lagundavad nende elutegevuse j\u00e4\u00e4ke. Laguahel seob looduse elus ja eluta osa\u00a0<strong>\u00fchtsesse aineringesse.<\/strong>\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1298\" height=\"307\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-172\" style=\"width: 800px;height: 189px\" src=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/648\/laguahel.png\" title=\"Joonis 7: N\u00e4ide laguahelast: surnud taimelehed \u2192 vihmauss \u2192 mullalestad \u2192 bakterid\" alt=\"Joonis 7: N\u00e4ide laguahelast: surnud taimelehed \u2192 vihmauss \u2192 mullalestad \u2192 bakterid\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/648\/laguahel.png 1298w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/648\/laguahel-300x71.png 300w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/648\/laguahel-1024x242.png 1024w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/648\/laguahel-768x182.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1298px) 100vw, 1298px\">\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\u00a0\n<\/p>\n<h4>\n\tMis iseloomustab nugiahelat?<br>\n<\/h4>\n<p>\n\tNugiahelas (parasiittoiduahelas) on iga j\u00e4rgnev l\u00fcli eelmise parasiit ja toitub selle elusatest kudedest.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1179\" height=\"213\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-173\" style=\"width: 800px;height: 145px\" src=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/648\/nugiahel.png\" title=\"Joonis 8: N\u00e4ide nugiahelast: \u00f5unapuuleht \u2192  lehet\u00e4i \u2192  seened  \u2192  m\u00fckoviirused\" alt=\"Joonis 8: N\u00e4ide nugiahelast: \u00f5unapuuleht \u2192  lehet\u00e4i \u2192  seened  \u2192  m\u00fckoviirused\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/648\/nugiahel.png 1179w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/648\/nugiahel-300x54.png 300w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/648\/nugiahel-1024x185.png 1024w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/648\/nugiahel-768x139.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1179px) 100vw, 1179px\">\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\u00a0\n<\/p>\n<h4>\n\tMille poolest erineb toiduv\u00f5rgustik toiduahelast?<br>\n<\/h4>\n<p>\n\tLooduses on toiduahelad omavahel seotud ja moodustavad \u00f6kos\u00fcsteemis\u00a0<strong>toiduv\u00f5rgu<\/strong>. See t\u00e4hendab, et taimtoiduline loom v\u00f5ib kasutada toiduks mitmeid erinevaid taimi ja on ise toiduks erinevatele loomtoidulistele loomadele. Loomtoiduline loom v\u00f5ib aga toituda erinevatest loomadest ja olla ise toiduks mitmesugustele loomadele.\u00a0\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"750\" height=\"1000\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-174\" style=\"width: 400px;height: 533px\" src=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/648\/toiduvorgustik.jpg\" title=\"Joonis 9: Toiduv\u00f5rgustik (https:\/\/mammothmemory.net\/biology\/organisms-and-their-environment\/ecosystems-organisms-and-their-environment\/food-web.html)\" alt=\"Joonis 9: Toiduv\u00f5rgustik (https:\/\/mammothmemory.net\/biology\/organisms-and-their-environment\/ecosystems-organisms-and-their-environment\/food-web.html)\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/648\/toiduvorgustik.jpg 750w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/648\/toiduvorgustik-225x300.jpg 225w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>K\u00f5ik organismid vajavad elamiseks toitu. Toidu koostis ja selle saamise viis on eri organismidel erinev. Taimed on esmased orgaanilise aine\u00a0tootjad\u00a0(fotos\u00fcnteesivad). Loomad toituvad kas taimedest v\u00f5i loomadest ja on\u00a0tarbijad.\u00a0 Organismidevahelisi toitumissuhteid kujutatakse\u00a0toiduahelatena. Toiduahelaid on mitmesuguseid. Eristatakse kisk-, lagu- ja nugiahelaid. Vaata &#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":345,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-19","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/biopohikool\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/19","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/biopohikool\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/biopohikool\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/biopohikool\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/345"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/biopohikool\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=19"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/biopohikool\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/19\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":621,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/biopohikool\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/19\/revisions\/621"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/biopohikool\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=19"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}