{"id":114,"date":"2024-04-04T08:55:01","date_gmt":"2024-04-04T05:55:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/biopohikool\/4-parilikud-haigused\/"},"modified":"2024-04-04T08:56:53","modified_gmt":"2024-04-04T05:56:53","slug":"4-parilikud-haigused","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/biopohikool\/4-parilikud-haigused\/","title":{"rendered":"4. P\u00e4rilikud haigused"},"content":{"rendered":"<h4>\n\t<strong id=\"yui_3_17_2_1_1704297906383_42\">4.1 Mis on p\u00e4rilikud haigused?<\/strong><br>\n<\/h4>\n<p>\n\tM\u00f5ni haigus on<strong>\u00a0p\u00e4rilik,<\/strong>\u00a0see kandub edasi vanematelt j\u00e4rglastele. Osa haigusi on\u00a0<strong>geneetilise eelsoodumusega,<\/strong>\u00a0need pole otseselt p\u00e4rilikud, kuid neisse haigestumise t\u00f5en\u00e4osus on suurem siis, kui m\u00f5ni vanem v\u00f5i vanavanem on neid p\u00f5denud. Nende haiguste avaldumine s\u00f5ltub paljuski keskkonnast ja eluviisist. Et v\u00e4ltida p\u00e4riliku eelsoodumusega haiguse v\u00e4lja kujunemist, on t\u00e4htis j\u00e4rgida tervislikke eluviise.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"720\" height=\"420\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-322\" src=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/648\/parilikudhaigused.png\" title=\"Joonis. Haigused\" alt=\"Joonis. Haigused\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/648\/parilikudhaigused.png 720w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/648\/parilikudhaigused-300x175.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 720px) 100vw, 720px\">\n<\/p>\n<h4>\n\tKuidas p\u00e4rilikud haigused avalduvad?<br>\n<\/h4>\n<p>\n\tSageli on p\u00e4rilikud haigused retsessiivsed. See t\u00e4hendab, et m\u00f5lemad alleelid, mis haigust m\u00e4\u00e4ravad, peavad olema retsessiivsed. Selline haigus avaldub vaid siis, kui j\u00e4rglane on saanud m\u00f5lemalt vanemalt retsessiivse alleeli. T\u00f5en\u00e4osus selleks on \u00fcsna v\u00e4ike. Kui terve dominantne alleel domineerib retsessiivse haigust p\u00f5hjustava alleeli \u00fcle, siis haigus ei avaldu.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\tDominantsed geenhaigused aga avalduvad alati, kui j\u00e4rglane on p\u00e4rinud haigust m\u00e4\u00e4rava dominantse alleeli.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\tEnamik p\u00e4rilikke haigusi on m\u00e4\u00e4ratud mitme geeni poolt.\n<\/p>\n<h4>\n\t<strong>Kuidas v\u00e4hendada p\u00e4riliku haiguse tekkeriski ning tuvastada p\u00e4rilikke haigusi?<\/strong><br>\n<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\n\t\tRiski v\u00e4hendamiseks on keelatud sugulusabielud.\n\t<\/li>\n<li>\n\t\tOluline on v\u00e4ltida kokkupuuteid mutageenidega.\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n\tP\u00e4rilike haiguste tuvastamiseks on v\u00f5imalik lasta teha s\u00fcnnieelset diagnostikat ning siis on vanematel v\u00f5imalus otsustada, mida teha edasi.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\tP\u00e4rilike haiguste diagnoosimiseks uuritakse inimese rakkude ehituse ja ainevahetuse ise\u00e4rasusi, kromosoome ja DNA-d ning suguv\u00f5sa.\n<\/p>\n<h4>\n\t<strong>Kas p\u00e4rilikke haigusi on v\u00f5imalik ravida?<\/strong><br>\n<\/h4>\n<p>\n\tP\u00e4rilike haiguste s\u00fcmptomeid on m\u00f5ningatel juhtudel v\u00f5imalik leevendada.\u00a0T\u00e4nap\u00e4eval on v\u00f5imalik:\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\t1)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0asendusravi \u2013 n\u00e4iteks suhkrut\u00f5ve puhul s\u00fcstitakse insuliini;\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\t2)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0dieetravi \u2013 p\u00e4rilike ainevahetush\u00e4irete puhul loobutakse sellest toidust v\u00f5i toitainest, mida organism ei suuda omastada v\u00f5i l\u00f5hustada;\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\t3)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0kirurgiline ravi \u2013 k\u00f5rvaldatakse p\u00e4rilikud v\u00e4\u00e4rarengud;\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\t4)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0eri\u00f5petus v\u00f5i- treening n\u00e4iteks inimestele, kellel ei talitle k\u00f5ik meeleelundid normaalselt v\u00f5i kes on vaimupuudega;\n<\/p>\n<p>5)\u00a0 \u00a0geeniteraapia \u2013 vigase geeni asendamine terve geeniga.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>4.1 Mis on p\u00e4rilikud haigused? M\u00f5ni haigus on\u00a0p\u00e4rilik,\u00a0see kandub edasi vanematelt j\u00e4rglastele. Osa haigusi on\u00a0geneetilise eelsoodumusega,\u00a0need pole otseselt p\u00e4rilikud, kuid neisse haigestumise t\u00f5en\u00e4osus on suurem siis, kui m\u00f5ni vanem v\u00f5i vanavanem on neid p\u00f5denud. Nende haiguste avaldumine s\u00f5ltub paljuski keskkonnast &#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":345,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-114","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/biopohikool\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/114","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/biopohikool\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/biopohikool\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/biopohikool\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/345"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/biopohikool\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=114"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/biopohikool\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/114\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":526,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/biopohikool\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/114\/revisions\/526"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/biopohikool\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=114"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}