{"id":112,"date":"2024-04-04T08:55:01","date_gmt":"2024-04-04T05:55:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/biopohikool\/2-soo-maaramine\/"},"modified":"2024-04-04T08:56:53","modified_gmt":"2024-04-04T05:56:53","slug":"2-soo-maaramine","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/biopohikool\/2-soo-maaramine\/","title":{"rendered":"2. Soo m\u00e4\u00e4ramine"},"content":{"rendered":"<h4 id=\"yui_3_17_2_1_1704297782452_42\">\n\t8.2.1\u00a0Mis m\u00e4\u00e4rab loomade soo?<br>\n<\/h4>\n<p>\n\tLoomadel v\u00f5ib sugu olla m\u00e4\u00e4ratud mitmeti.\u00a0\n<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n\t\t<strong>Keskkonnatingimustega:<\/strong>\u00a0kas merikilpkonna munast areneb isas- v\u00f5i emasloom, s\u00f5ltub v\u00e4listemperatuurist. Paraku on sellisel soo m\u00e4\u00e4ramisel suur puudus: kui temperatuur on pikka aega kas k\u00f5rge v\u00f5i madal, arenevad vaid \u00fchest soost isendid.<br>\u00a0\n\t<\/li>\n<li>\n\t\t<strong>Sugukromosoomidega:<\/strong>\u00a0n\u00e4iteks \u00fchel soopoolel on lihtsalt \u00fcks kromosoom v\u00e4hem\u00a0 (XX\/X), n\u00e4iteks osadel putukatel.\u00a0 Lindudel on emastel erinevad sugukromosoomid (ZW) ja isastel \u00fchesugused (ZZ). Imetajatel on isastel erinevad sugukromosoomid (XY) ja emastel \u00fchesugused (XX).\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\n\t\u00a0\n<\/p>\n<h4>\n\t\u00a0Millest s\u00f5ltub, kas perre s\u00fcnnib poiss v\u00f5i t\u00fcdruk?<br>\n<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\n\t\tInimese\u00a0<strong>keharakkudes\u00a0<\/strong>on<strong>\u00a023 paari\u00a0<\/strong>kromosoome (46 kromosoomi).\n\t<\/li>\n<li>\n\t\t46 kromosoomist kaks on<strong>\u00a0sugukromosoomid<\/strong>\u00a0(NB! Sugukromosoomid on k\u00f5ikides keharakkudes).\n\t<\/li>\n<li>\n\t\t<strong>Mehe sugukromosoomide paari\u00a0<\/strong>moodustavad kaks erinevat sugukromosoomi: \u00fcks suur X-kromosoom ja sellest v\u00e4iksem Y-kromosoom.\n\t<\/li>\n<li>\n\t\t<strong>Naisel on sugukromosoomide<\/strong>\u00a0paar \u00fchesugune, kaks suurt kromosoomi ehk XX.\n\t<\/li>\n<li>\n\t\t<strong>Sugurakkudes<\/strong>\u00a0on kromosoome poole v\u00e4hem kui keharakkudes. Inimese spermis ja munarakus on\u00a0<strong>23 kromosoomi.<\/strong>\n\t<\/li>\n<li>\n\t\tLapse sugu oleneb sellest, millist sugukromosoomi sisaldav sperm munaraku viljastab.\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1025\" height=\"578\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-318\" src=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/648\/laps.png\" title=\"Joonis 5.\u00a0 Laps, kes s\u00fcnnib, on poiss, sest munaraku on viljastanud sperm, milles on Y-kromosoom.\" alt=\"Joonis 5.\u00a0 Laps, kes s\u00fcnnib, on poiss, sest munaraku on viljastanud sperm, milles on Y-kromosoom.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/648\/laps.png 1025w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/648\/laps-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/648\/laps-768x433.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1025px) 100vw, 1025px\">\n<\/p>\n<h4>\n\tMillised tunnused s\u00f5ltuvad soost?<br>\n<\/h4>\n<p>\n\tSugukromosoomides on peale sugutunnuste ka m\u00f5ningaid teisi tunnuseid m\u00e4\u00e4ravaid geene. N\u00e4iteks on X kromosoomis vereh\u00fc\u00fcbimist m\u00e4\u00e4rav geen, aga ka daltonismi (v\u00e4rvipimedust) ja kiilasp\u00e4isust m\u00e4\u00e4ravad geenid. Neid tunnuseid nimetatakse suguliitelisteks.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\tKiilasp\u00e4isust, vereh\u00fc\u00fcbimatust ja daltonismi m\u00e4\u00e4ravad retsessiivsed alleelid X kromosoomis ja kuna meestel on ainult \u00fcks X- kromosoom, siis avalduvad need haigused alati, kui poiss on p\u00e4rinud emalt X-kromosoomiga seda haigust m\u00e4\u00e4rava retsessiivse alleeli. Suguliitelised retsessiivsed haigused avalduvad meestel sagedamini kui naistel.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>8.2.1\u00a0Mis m\u00e4\u00e4rab loomade soo? Loomadel v\u00f5ib sugu olla m\u00e4\u00e4ratud mitmeti.\u00a0 Keskkonnatingimustega:\u00a0kas merikilpkonna munast areneb isas- v\u00f5i emasloom, s\u00f5ltub v\u00e4listemperatuurist. Paraku on sellisel soo m\u00e4\u00e4ramisel suur puudus: kui temperatuur on pikka aega kas k\u00f5rge v\u00f5i madal, arenevad vaid \u00fchest soost isendid.\u00a0 &#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":345,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-112","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/biopohikool\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/112","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/biopohikool\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/biopohikool\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/biopohikool\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/345"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/biopohikool\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=112"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/biopohikool\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/112\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":528,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/biopohikool\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/112\/revisions\/528"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/biopohikool\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=112"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}