{"id":110,"date":"2024-04-04T08:55:01","date_gmt":"2024-04-04T05:55:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/biopohikool\/12-suguelundkond\/"},"modified":"2024-04-04T08:56:53","modified_gmt":"2024-04-04T05:56:53","slug":"12-suguelundkond","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/biopohikool\/12-suguelundkond\/","title":{"rendered":"12. Suguelundkond"},"content":{"rendered":"<h4>\n\t12.1. Mis on suguelundite \u00fclesanne?<br>\n<\/h4>\n<p>\n\tSuguelundid on vajalikud paljunemiseks. Ajuripatsi toodetud hormoonide m\u00f5jul hakkavad sugueelundid murdeeas tootma sugurakke ja suguhormoone.\n<\/p>\n<h4>\n\t12.2. Millised on mehe suguelundid?<br>\n<\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">\n\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"490\" height=\"374\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-308\" style=\"width: 490px;height: 374px\" src=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/648\/suguelundid_mees.png\" title=\"Joonis. Mehe suguelundid (Allikas: http:\/\/eesnaare.ee)\" alt=\"Joonis. Mehe suguelundid\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/648\/suguelundid_mees.png 490w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/648\/suguelundid_mees-300x229.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 490px) 100vw, 490px\">\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\u00a0\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n\t\tSisemised suguelundid on munandid, munandimanused, seemnejuhad, seemnep\u00f5iekesed, eesn\u00e4\u00e4re.\n\t<\/li>\n<li>\n\t\tV\u00e4limised suguelundid on munandikott ja suguti.\n\t<\/li>\n<li>\n\t\tMeessugun\u00e4\u00e4rmetes ehk munandites paljunevad ja valmivad meessugurakud\u00a0 ehk\u00a0<strong>spermid\u00a0<\/strong>ehk seemnerakud.\n\t<\/li>\n<li>\n\t\tMunandid s\u00fcnteesivad\u00a0<strong>meessuguhormoone\u00a0<\/strong>(testosteroone).\n\t<\/li>\n<li>\n\t\tMunandid hakkavad talitlema poistel 12-15 a vanuses.\n\t<\/li>\n<li>\n\t\tSuguhormoonide toimel arenevad murdeeas suguk\u00fcpsuse saabudes\u00a0<strong>teisesed sugutunnused<\/strong>: karvade kasv n\u00e4ol, tugev lihaskond, iseloomulik kehakuju, madal h\u00e4\u00e4l jt\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<blockquote>\n<h4>\n\t\tVaata videot<br>\n\t<\/h4>\n<p>\n\t\t<\/p><div class=\"ratio ratio-16x9 mb-3\"><div class=\"video-placeholder-wrapper video-placeholder-wrapper--16x9\">\n\t\t\t    <div class=\"video-placeholder d-flex justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t        <div class=\"overlay text-white p-2 w-100 text-center d-block justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t            <div>Kolmandate osapoolte sisu n\u00e4gemiseks palun n\u00f5ustu k\u00fcpsistega.<\/div>\n\t\t\t            <button class=\"btn btn-secondary btn-sm mt-1 consent-change\">Muuda n\u00f5usolekut<\/button>\n\t\t\t        <\/div>\n\t\t\t    <\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>\n\t\u00a0\n<\/p>\n<h4>\n\t12.3. Millised on naise suguelundid?<br>\n<\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">\n\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"355\" height=\"329\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-309\" src=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/648\/suguelundid_naine.png\" title=\"Joonis. Naise suguelundid\" alt=\"Joonis. Naise suguelundid\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/648\/suguelundid_naine.png 355w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/648\/suguelundid_naine-300x278.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 355px) 100vw, 355px\">\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n\t\tSisemised suguelundid on\u00a0<strong>munasarjad, munajuhad, emakas, tupp.<\/strong>\n\t<\/li>\n<li>\n\t\tNaissugun\u00e4\u00e4rmetes ehk munasarjades paljunevad ja valmivad naissugurakud ehk\u00a0<strong>munarakud.<\/strong>\n\t<\/li>\n<li>\n\t\tMunasarjad toodavad\u00a0<strong>naissuguhormoone.<\/strong>\n\t<\/li>\n<li>\n\t\tMunarakkude eellased tekivad juba looteeas.\n\t<\/li>\n<li>\n\t\tMunasarjad hakkavad talitlema suguk\u00fcpsuse saabudes 11-14 a vanuses.\n\t<\/li>\n<li>\n\t\tSuguhormoonide toimel arenevad murdeeas\u00a0<strong>teisesed sugutunnused<\/strong>: rinnad, laiemad puusad, naiselik kehakuju jt.\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<blockquote>\n<h4>\n\t\tVaata videot<br>\n\t<\/h4>\n<p>\n\t\t<\/p><div class=\"ratio ratio-16x9 mb-3\"><div class=\"video-placeholder-wrapper video-placeholder-wrapper--16x9\">\n\t\t\t    <div class=\"video-placeholder d-flex justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t        <div class=\"overlay text-white p-2 w-100 text-center d-block justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t            <div>Kolmandate osapoolte sisu n\u00e4gemiseks palun n\u00f5ustu k\u00fcpsistega.<\/div>\n\t\t\t            <button class=\"btn btn-secondary btn-sm mt-1 consent-change\">Muuda n\u00f5usolekut<\/button>\n\t\t\t        <\/div>\n\t\t\t    <\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>\n\t\u00a0\n<\/p>\n<h4>\n\t12.4.\u00a0\u00a0Mille poolest erineb sugurakkude areng naistel ja meestel?<br>\n<\/h4>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<table class=\"table table-hover\" border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"5\" cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"width: 100%\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"col\">\n<p>\n\t\t\t\t\tMeessugurakkude arenemine\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th scope=\"col\">\n<p>\n\t\t\t\t\tNaissugurakkude arenemine\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"308\">\n<ul>\n<li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\tSpermid moodustuvad munandites.\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n<li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\tSpermid hakkavad tellima ja valmima alles murdeeas suguk\u00fcpsuse saabudes.\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n<li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\tKorraga valmib tuhandeid sperme, k\u00fcpsed spermid talletuvad munandimanustes.\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n<li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\u00dche spermi arenguts\u00fckkel kestab umbes 80 p\u00e4eva.\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n<li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\tSperme valmib pidevalt alates murdeeast kuni elu l\u00f5puni.\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n<li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\u00dche seemnepurskega eritub mitusada miljonit spermi.\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n<li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\tSpermid vajavad arenemiseks kehatemperatuurist madalamat temperatuuri.\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n<li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\tSpermid ei tohi kokku puutuda organismi verega, sest vere kaitserakud (valged vererakud) h\u00e4vitavad nad.\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"308\">\n<ul>\n<li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\tMunarakud moodustuvad munasarjades.\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n<li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\tK\u00f5ikide munarakkude alged tekivad juba looteeas.\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n<li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\tMunarakud hakkavad valmima murdeeas suguk\u00fcpsuse saabudes, \u00fcks munarakk korraga.\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n<li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\tK\u00fcpsed munarakud eralduvad munasarjadest perioodiliselt (umbes iga 28 p\u00e4eva j\u00e4rel).\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n<li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\tMunarakkude valmimine kestab 45. -50. eluaastani.\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n<li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\tNaise elu jooksul valmib enamasti \u00fckshaaval umbes 400 munarakku.\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n<li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\tMitteviljastunud munarakk eemaldub organismist menstruatsiooni k\u00e4igus.\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n<li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\tKui munarakk viljastatakse, hakkab sellest emakas arenema loode.\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<h4>\n\t12.5. Kuidas toimub viljastumine?<br>\n<\/h4>\n<p>\n\tViljastumine toimub munajuhas.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\tMunaraku vabanemist munasarjast nimetatakse\u00a0<strong>ovulatsiooniks.\u00a0<\/strong>Munasarjast vabanenud munarakk liigub l\u00e4bi k\u00f5hu\u00f5\u00f5ne munajuhasse. Munaraku eluiga on kuni 24 tundi. Kui ta selle aja jooksul ei kohtu seemnerakuga, siis viljastumist ei toimu.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\tSpermid liiguvad tupest l\u00e4bi emaka munajuhasse. Viljastumine, munaraku ja seemneraku \u00fchinemine, millele j\u00e4rgneb nende rakkude tuumasse \u00fchinemine, toimub munajuhas. Munajuhas r\u00fcndavad munarakku tuhanded spermid, kuid ainult \u00fcks sperm viljastab munaraku.\n<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">\n\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"465\" height=\"465\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-310\" src=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/648\/munarakk.png\" title=\"Joonis. Viljastumine\" alt=\"Joonis. Viljastumine\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/648\/munarakk.png 465w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/648\/munarakk-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/648\/munarakk-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 465px) 100vw, 465px\">\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\tViljastunud munarakk hakkab jagunema, tekib rakkude kobar, mis liigub emakasse ja kinnitub selle limaskestale, st\u00a0<strong>pesastub.\u00a0<\/strong>Sellele kohale emaka seinas, kus rakukobar pesastus, moodustub\u00a0<strong>platsenta.\u00a0<\/strong>L\u00e4bi platsenta toimub ema ja loote vahel ainevahetus, sealjuures inimalge ja ema veri kokku ei puutu.\n<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"404\" height=\"294\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-311\" src=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/648\/platsenta.png\" title=\"Joonis. Ainete liikumine l\u00e4bi platsenta\" alt=\"Joonis. Ainete liikumine l\u00e4bi platsenta\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/648\/platsenta.png 404w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/648\/platsenta-300x218.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 404px) 100vw, 404px\"><br>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>\n\tRakukobarast areneb idulane, kellel pole inimesega veel mingit v\u00e4list sarnasust. Kolmanda arengukuu alguseks muutub idulane v\u00e4liselt inimesega sarnaseks, n\u00fc\u00fcd nimetatakse teda looteks. Looteline areng kestab ligikaudu 280 p\u00e4eva ja l\u00f5peb s\u00fcnnitusega.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\t<strong>Vaata videoid:<\/strong>\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\tSugulisel teel levivad haigused: algloomad.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\t<\/p><div class=\"ratio ratio-16x9 mb-3\"><div class=\"video-placeholder-wrapper video-placeholder-wrapper--16x9\">\n\t\t\t    <div class=\"video-placeholder d-flex justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t        <div class=\"overlay text-white p-2 w-100 text-center d-block justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t            <div>Kolmandate osapoolte sisu n\u00e4gemiseks palun n\u00f5ustu k\u00fcpsistega.<\/div>\n\t\t\t            <button class=\"btn btn-secondary btn-sm mt-1 consent-change\">Muuda n\u00f5usolekut<\/button>\n\t\t\t        <\/div>\n\t\t\t    <\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<p>\n\tSugulisel teel levivad haigused: viirushaigused\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\t<\/p><div class=\"ratio ratio-16x9 mb-3\"><div class=\"video-placeholder-wrapper video-placeholder-wrapper--16x9\">\n\t\t\t    <div class=\"video-placeholder d-flex justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t        <div class=\"overlay text-white p-2 w-100 text-center d-block justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t            <div>Kolmandate osapoolte sisu n\u00e4gemiseks palun n\u00f5ustu k\u00fcpsistega.<\/div>\n\t\t\t            <button class=\"btn btn-secondary btn-sm mt-1 consent-change\">Muuda n\u00f5usolekut<\/button>\n\t\t\t        <\/div>\n\t\t\t    <\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<p>\n\tSugulisel teel levivad haigused: bakteriaalsed haigused\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\t<\/p><div class=\"ratio ratio-16x9 mb-3\"><div class=\"video-placeholder-wrapper video-placeholder-wrapper--16x9\">\n\t\t\t    <div class=\"video-placeholder d-flex justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t        <div class=\"overlay text-white p-2 w-100 text-center d-block justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t            <div>Kolmandate osapoolte sisu n\u00e4gemiseks palun n\u00f5ustu k\u00fcpsistega.<\/div>\n\t\t\t            <button class=\"btn btn-secondary btn-sm mt-1 consent-change\">Muuda n\u00f5usolekut<\/button>\n\t\t\t        <\/div>\n\t\t\t    <\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<h4>\n\t12.6. Millest oleneb inimese sugu?\u00a0<br>\n<\/h4>\n<p>\n\tRakutuumas asuvad kromosoomid, milles talletub p\u00e4rilik informatsioon. Inimese iga keharaku tuumas on 46 kromosoomi (44+XY mehel ja 44+XX naisel), kusjuures XY ja XX on\u00a0<strong>sugukromosoomid.\u00a0<\/strong>Mehel on seega erinevad sugukromosoomid (X ja Y), naisel on aga m\u00f5lemad sugukromosoomid \u00fchesugused (X ja X).\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\tSugurakkudes on poole v\u00e4hem kromosoome kui keharakkudes, seega 23 kromosoomi (mehel 22+X v\u00f5i 22+Y ja naisel 22+X).\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\tViljastamise momendil, kui \u00fchinevad sperm ja munarakk, m\u00e4\u00e4ratakse tulevase lapse sugu. Lapse sugu oleneb sellest, millist sugukromosoomi (X v\u00f5i Y) kandev sperm munaraku viljastab.\n<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"996\" height=\"357\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-312\" src=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/648\/lapse_sugu.png\" title=\"Joonis. Lapse sugu\" alt=\"Joonis. Lapse sugu\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/648\/lapse_sugu.png 996w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/648\/lapse_sugu-300x108.png 300w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/648\/lapse_sugu-768x275.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 996px) 100vw, 996px\"><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>12.1. Mis on suguelundite \u00fclesanne? Suguelundid on vajalikud paljunemiseks. Ajuripatsi toodetud hormoonide m\u00f5jul hakkavad sugueelundid murdeeas tootma sugurakke ja suguhormoone. 12.2. Millised on mehe suguelundid? \u00a0 Sisemised suguelundid on munandid, munandimanused, seemnejuhad, seemnep\u00f5iekesed, eesn\u00e4\u00e4re. V\u00e4limised suguelundid on munandikott ja suguti. &#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":345,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-110","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/biopohikool\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/110","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/biopohikool\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/biopohikool\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/biopohikool\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/345"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/biopohikool\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=110"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/biopohikool\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/110\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":530,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/biopohikool\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/110\/revisions\/530"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/biopohikool\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=110"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}