{"id":103,"date":"2024-04-04T08:55:00","date_gmt":"2024-04-04T05:55:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/biopohikool\/5-immuunsusteem\/"},"modified":"2024-04-04T08:56:53","modified_gmt":"2024-04-04T05:56:53","slug":"5-immuunsusteem","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/biopohikool\/5-immuunsusteem\/","title":{"rendered":"5. Immuuns\u00fcsteem"},"content":{"rendered":"<h4>\n\t5.1.\u00a0Mis moodustab immuuns\u00fcsteemi?<br>\n<\/h4>\n<p>\n\tImmuuns\u00fcsteem on organismi kaitses\u00fcsteem, mille moodustavad:\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n\t\tl\u00fcmfots\u00fc\u00fcdid (valged vererakud);\n\t<\/li>\n<li>\n\t\tl\u00fcmfis\u00f5lmed, p\u00f5rn (kuni murdeeani harkn\u00e4\u00e4re), mis valmistavad l\u00fcmfots\u00fc\u00fcte;\n\t<\/li>\n<li>\n\t\tl\u00fcmfisooned (neis voolab l\u00fcmf).\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n\tL\u00fcmf on v\u00e4rvusetu vedelik, mis sisaldab eri t\u00fc\u00fcpi valgeid vererakke ning peensoolest sinna imendunud rasvade l\u00f5hustumissaadusi. Immuuns\u00fcsteem on seotud vereringega: l\u00fcmfisoontest valgub l\u00fcmf vereringesse.\n<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">\n\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"393\" height=\"488\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-285\" src=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/648\/immuunsusteem.png\" title=\"Joonis.\u00a0 Immuuns\u00fcsteemi elundid\" alt=\"Joonis.\u00a0 Immuuns\u00fcsteemi elundid\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/648\/immuunsusteem.png 393w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/648\/immuunsusteem-242x300.png 242w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 393px) 100vw, 393px\">\n<\/p>\n<h4>\n\t5.2. Mis on immuuns\u00fcsteemi \u00fclesanne?<br>\n<\/h4>\n<p>\n\tImmuuns\u00fcsteemi \u00fclesanne on organismi aktiivne kaitsmine kehav\u00f5\u00f5raste \u00fchendite, v\u00f5\u00f5rmikroobide ning teiste kehav\u00f5\u00f5raste rakkude (kasvajarakkude)\u00a0 vastu.\u00a0Kui organismi tungivad haigustekitajad, hakkavad neid h\u00e4vitama\u00a0<strong>l\u00fcmfots\u00fc\u00fcdid<\/strong>\u00a0koos\u00a0<strong>\u00f5girakkudega<\/strong>.\u00a0L\u00fcmfots\u00fc\u00fctide valmistatud antikehad liituvad t\u00f5vestavate viiruste v\u00f5i bakteritega\u00a0 ja h\u00e4vitavad v\u00f5i n\u00f5rgestavad neid. Iga liiki t\u00f5vestaja vastu (t\u00f5vestajal on oman\u00e4olin<strong>e antigeen<\/strong>) on eri<strong>\u00a0antikeha<\/strong>\u00a0(iga antigeenile on oma antikeha).\u00a0\u00d5girakud aga tungivad l\u00e4bi veresoone seina haigustekitaja juurde ja haaravad need endasse, et neid h\u00e4vitada (selles kohas t\u00f5useb kehatemperatuur, tekib p\u00f5letik). P\u00f5letiku korral suureneb organismis leukots\u00fc\u00fctide arv.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\tLisaks immuuns\u00fcsteemile on organismil\u00a0<strong>esmased kaitsebarj\u00e4\u00e4rid:<\/strong>\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n\t\tmehhaaniline kaitse \u2013 nahk on mikroobidele l\u00e4bimatu;\n\t<\/li>\n<li>\n\t\tkeemiline kaitse \u2013 n\u00e4iteks maos on happeline keskkond;\n\t<\/li>\n<li>\n\t\tmikrobioloogiline kaitse \u2013 n\u00e4iteks nahal elavad mikroobid, seedekulglas elavad mikroobid;\n\t<\/li>\n<li>\n\t\tf\u00fcsioloogiline kaitse \u2013 n\u00e4iteks lima ja s\u00fclg.\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">\n\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"498\" height=\"530\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-286\" src=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/648\/kaitsebarjaarid.png\" title=\"Joonis. Inimese esmased kaitsebarj\u00e4\u00e4rid\" alt=\"Joonis. Inimese esmased kaitsebarj\u00e4\u00e4rid\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/648\/kaitsebarjaarid.png 498w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/648\/kaitsebarjaarid-282x300.png 282w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 498px) 100vw, 498px\">\n<\/p>\n<h4>\n\t5.3.\u00a0Mis on immuunsus ja kuidas ta tekib?<br>\n<\/h4>\n<p>\n\tOrganismi v\u00f5imet muuta kahjutuks haigustekitajaid, teisi kehav\u00f5\u00f5raid rakke ning kehav\u00f5\u00f5raid \u00fchendeid nimetatakse immuunsuseks.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\t<b>Immuunsus<\/b>\u00a0v\u00f5ib olla kas\u00a0<b>kaasas\u00fcndinud<\/b>\u00a0v\u00f5i\u00a0<b>omandatud<\/b>\u00a0elu jooksul.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"910\" height=\"525\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-287\" src=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/648\/immuunsus.png\" title=\"Joonis.\u00a0 Omandatud ja kaasas\u00fcndinud immuunsus\" alt=\"Joonis.\u00a0 Omandatud ja kaasas\u00fcndinud immuunsus\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/648\/immuunsus.png 910w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/648\/immuunsus-300x173.png 300w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/648\/immuunsus-768x443.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 910px) 100vw, 910px\">\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\tIga haigustekitaja vastu moodustuvad oma\u00a0<b>antikehad<\/b>, seep\u00e4rast tekib immuunsus vaid selle haiguse suhtes. Omandatud immuunsus v\u00f5ib olla l\u00fchiajaline (m\u00f5ni kuu)\u00a0 v\u00f5i kesta kuni elu l\u00f5puni, see s\u00f5ltub haigustekitajast.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\tSelleks et v\u00e4ltida nakkushaiguste levikut, on v\u00f5imalik lasta ennast\u00a0<b>vaktsineerida<\/b>.\u00a0<b>Vaktsiine\u00a0<\/b>valmistatakse surmatud haigustekitajatest v\u00f5i nende osadest. Vaktsineeritud\u00a0 organism hakkab valmistama antikehi selle haigustekitaja vastu. Inimene p\u00f5eb haiguse kergelt l\u00e4bi ja antikehad j\u00e4\u00e4vad teatud ajaks tema organismi. Kui n\u00fc\u00fcd inimene puutub kokku sama haigustekitajaga, siis ta kas p\u00f5eb haiguse kergemalt l\u00e4bi v\u00f5i ei haigestu \u00fcldse, sest tema kehas on olemas antikehad.\n<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<h4>\n\t\tVaata videoid\u00a0(Sihtasutus Noored Teaduses ja Ettev\u00f5tluses)<br>\n\t<\/h4>\n<p>\n\t\tImmuunsus I\u00a0\n\t<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t<\/p><div class=\"ratio ratio-16x9 mb-3\"><div class=\"video-placeholder-wrapper video-placeholder-wrapper--16x9\">\n\t\t\t    <div class=\"video-placeholder d-flex justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t        <div class=\"overlay text-white p-2 w-100 text-center d-block justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t            <div>Kolmandate osapoolte sisu n\u00e4gemiseks palun n\u00f5ustu k\u00fcpsistega.<\/div>\n\t\t\t            <button class=\"btn btn-secondary btn-sm mt-1 consent-change\">Muuda n\u00f5usolekut<\/button>\n\t\t\t        <\/div>\n\t\t\t    <\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\n<p>\n\t\tImmuunsus II\n\t<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\u00a0<\/p><div class=\"ratio ratio-16x9 mb-3\"><div class=\"video-placeholder-wrapper video-placeholder-wrapper--16x9\">\n\t\t\t    <div class=\"video-placeholder d-flex justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t        <div class=\"overlay text-white p-2 w-100 text-center d-block justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t            <div>Kolmandate osapoolte sisu n\u00e4gemiseks palun n\u00f5ustu k\u00fcpsistega.<\/div>\n\t\t\t            <button class=\"btn btn-secondary btn-sm mt-1 consent-change\">Muuda n\u00f5usolekut<\/button>\n\t\t\t        <\/div>\n\t\t\t    <\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\n<\/blockquote>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>5.1.\u00a0Mis moodustab immuuns\u00fcsteemi? Immuuns\u00fcsteem on organismi kaitses\u00fcsteem, mille moodustavad: l\u00fcmfots\u00fc\u00fcdid (valged vererakud); l\u00fcmfis\u00f5lmed, p\u00f5rn (kuni murdeeani harkn\u00e4\u00e4re), mis valmistavad l\u00fcmfots\u00fc\u00fcte; l\u00fcmfisooned (neis voolab l\u00fcmf). L\u00fcmf on v\u00e4rvusetu vedelik, mis sisaldab eri t\u00fc\u00fcpi valgeid vererakke ning peensoolest sinna imendunud rasvade l\u00f5hustumissaadusi. &#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":345,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-103","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/biopohikool\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/103","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/biopohikool\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/biopohikool\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/biopohikool\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/345"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/biopohikool\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=103"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/biopohikool\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/103\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":537,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/biopohikool\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/103\/revisions\/537"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/biopohikool\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=103"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}