{"id":101,"date":"2024-04-04T08:55:00","date_gmt":"2024-04-04T05:55:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/biopohikool\/3-tugi-ja-liikumiselundkond\/"},"modified":"2024-04-04T08:56:53","modified_gmt":"2024-04-04T05:56:53","slug":"3-tugi-ja-liikumiselundkond","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/biopohikool\/3-tugi-ja-liikumiselundkond\/","title":{"rendered":"3. Tugi- ja liikumiselundkond"},"content":{"rendered":"<h4>\n\t3.1.\u00a0Milline on luude koostis ja ehitus?<br>\n<\/h4>\n<p>\n\t<strong>Luud koosnevad:<\/strong>\n<\/p>\n<ul id=\"yui_3_17_2_1_1704297147549_47\">\n<li>\n\t\tluurakkudest ja rakuvaheainest;\n\t<\/li>\n<li>\n\t\tmineraalainetest, mis annavad luudele k\u00f5vaduse;\n\t<\/li>\n<li id=\"yui_3_17_2_1_1704297147549_46\">\n\t\torgaanilistest ainetest, mis annavad luudele elastsuse.\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n\t<strong>Luude ehitus<\/strong>\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n\t\tLuud katab \u00f5huke\u00a0<strong>luu\u00fcmbris,\u00a0<\/strong>mis moodustab uusi luurakke ja \u00fchendab luid \u00fcmbritsevate kudedega.\n\t<\/li>\n<li>\n\t\tLuu\u00fcmbrise all asub\u00a0<strong>plinkollus<\/strong>, mis on tihe ja tugev luukude.\n\t<\/li>\n<li>\n\t\tPlinkollusest seespool asub\u00a0<strong>k\u00e4snollus<\/strong>, mis on k\u00e4snjas plinkollusest pehmem luukude.\n\t<\/li>\n<li>\n\t\tK\u00e4snolluses asub\u00a0<strong>punane luu\u00fcdi<\/strong>, toruluude \u00f5\u00f5nsuses asub\u00a0<strong>kollane\u00a0 rasvarikas luu\u00fcdi.<\/strong>\n\t<\/li>\n<li>\n\t\tLuukoes asuvad veresooned.\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">\n\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"279\" height=\"652\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-277\" src=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/648\/luu_ehitus.png\" title=\"Joonis 3. Luu ehitus (1- k\u00e4snollus, 2- luu\u00fcdi, 3- plinkollus, 4 -luu\u00fcdi)\" alt=\"Joonis 3. Luu ehitus (1- k\u00e4snollus, 2- luu\u00fcdi, 3- plinkollus, 4 -luu\u00fcdi)\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/648\/luu_ehitus.png 279w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/648\/luu_ehitus-128x300.png 128w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 279px) 100vw, 279px\">\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n\t\u00a0\n<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>\n\t\t\u00a0<strong>Vaata\u00a0 videot<\/strong>\u00a0\u201cLuu ehitus ja koostis\u201d\n\t<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\u00a0<\/p><div class=\"ratio ratio-16x9 mb-3\"><div class=\"video-placeholder-wrapper video-placeholder-wrapper--16x9\">\n\t\t\t    <div class=\"video-placeholder d-flex justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t        <div class=\"overlay text-white p-2 w-100 text-center d-block justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t            <div>Kolmandate osapoolte sisu n\u00e4gemiseks palun n\u00f5ustu k\u00fcpsistega.<\/div>\n\t\t\t            <button class=\"btn btn-secondary btn-sm mt-1 consent-change\">Muuda n\u00f5usolekut<\/button>\n\t\t\t        <\/div>\n\t\t\t    <\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\n<\/blockquote>\n<h4>\n\t3.2. Miks on inimesele vaja luustikku?<br>\n<\/h4>\n<p>\n\tLuustiku \u00fclesanded:\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n\t\ttoestab keha pehmeid kudesid;\n\t<\/li>\n<li>\n\t\tannab kehale kuju;\n\t<\/li>\n<li>\n\t\ton lihaste kinnitumiskoht;\n\t<\/li>\n<li>\n\t\tv\u00f5imaldab sooritada liigutusi;\n\t<\/li>\n<li>\n\t\tkaitseb siseelundeid;\n\t<\/li>\n<li>\n\t\ton mineraalainete talletaja;\n\t<\/li>\n<li>\n\t\ton vereloomeelund (punases luu\u00fcdis moodustuvad uued vererakud);\n\t<\/li>\n<li>\n\t\ton rasvade talletaja (kollane luu\u00fcdi on rasvade tagavara).\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>\n\t2.3. Millised on inimese skeleti p\u00f5hiosad?<br>\n<\/h4>\n<p>\n\tLuustiku p\u00f5hiosad:\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\t<strong>1)\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0pea toes on\u00a0kolju:<\/strong>\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n\t\tajukolju\n\t<\/li>\n<li>\n\t\tn\u00e4okolju\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n\t<strong>2)\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00fclaj\u00e4semete toes:<\/strong>\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n\t\tabaluud\n\t<\/li>\n<li>\n\t\trangluud\n\t<\/li>\n<li>\n\t\t\u00f5lavarreluud\n\t<\/li>\n<li>\n\t\tk\u00fc\u00fcnarluud\n\t<\/li>\n<li>\n\t\tkodarluud\n\t<\/li>\n<li>\n\t\trandmeluud\n\t<\/li>\n<li>\n\t\tk\u00e4mblaluud\n\t<\/li>\n<li>\n\t\ts\u00f5rmeluud\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n\t<strong>3)\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0alaj\u00e4semete toes:<\/strong>\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n\t\tpuusaluud\n\t<\/li>\n<li>\n\t\treieluud\n\t<\/li>\n<li>\n\t\tp\u00f5lvekeder\n\t<\/li>\n<li>\n\t\ts\u00e4\u00e4reluud\n\t<\/li>\n<li>\n\t\tpindluud\n\t<\/li>\n<li>\n\t\tkannaluud\n\t<\/li>\n<li>\n\t\tp\u00f6ialuud\n\t<\/li>\n<li>\n\t\tvarbaluud\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n\t<strong>4)\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0kere toes:<\/strong>\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n\t\tselgroog ( 7 kaelal\u00fcli, 12 rinnal\u00fcli, 5 nimmel\u00fcli, 5 ristluul\u00fcli (kokku kasvanud ristluuks), 4 -5 \u00f5ndral\u00fcli (kokku kasvanud ristluuks)\n\t<\/li>\n<li>\n\t\trinnak\n\t<\/li>\n<li>\n\t\troided\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">\n\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"312\" height=\"706\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-278\" src=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/648\/luustik.png\" title=\"Joonis 4. Inimese luustik\u00a0\u00a0http:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/et\/f\/f5\/Inimskelett.png\" alt=\"Joonis 4. Inimese luustik\u00a0\u00a0http:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/et\/f\/f5\/Inimskelett.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/648\/luustik.png 312w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/648\/luustik-133x300.png 133w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 312px) 100vw, 312px\">\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\u00a0\n<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>\n\t\t<strong>Vaata videot<\/strong>\u00a0\u201d Inimese luustik\u201d\u00a0\n\t<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t<\/p><div class=\"ratio ratio-16x9 mb-3\"><div class=\"video-placeholder-wrapper video-placeholder-wrapper--16x9\">\n\t\t\t    <div class=\"video-placeholder d-flex justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t        <div class=\"overlay text-white p-2 w-100 text-center d-block justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t            <div>Kolmandate osapoolte sisu n\u00e4gemiseks palun n\u00f5ustu k\u00fcpsistega.<\/div>\n\t\t\t            <button class=\"btn btn-secondary btn-sm mt-1 consent-change\">Muuda n\u00f5usolekut<\/button>\n\t\t\t        <\/div>\n\t\t\t    <\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\n<p>\n\t\t\u00a0\n\t<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<h4>\n\t2.4. Kuidas on luud omavahel seotud?<br>\n<\/h4>\n<p>\n\tLuud on omavahel \u00fchendatud (j\u00e4igalt)\u00a0<strong>liiduste ja\u00a0<\/strong>(liikuvalt)<strong>\u00a0liigeste<\/strong>\u00a0abil.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<strong>Liidused<\/strong>\u00a0jagunevad: luu- (ristluul\u00fclid), side- (kolju \u00f5mblused) ja k\u00f5hrliidusteks (h\u00e4bemeliidus).\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<strong>Liigesed\u00a0<\/strong>jagunevad: keraliiges (\u00f5la- ja puusaliiges, plokkliiges (k\u00fc\u00fcnar- ja p\u00f5lveliiges),\u00a0silinderliiges (kaelal\u00fclid)\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\u00a0\n<\/p>\n<h4>\n\t2.5. Milline on liigese ehitus?<br>\n<\/h4>\n<p>\n\t\u00a0\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\tLiigestes on luuotsad kaetud k\u00f5hrega, mis tasandavad liigutusi.\u00a0 K\u00f5hresid \u00fcmbritseb liigesekapsel (kihn), milles asub liigesev\u00f5ie.\n<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">\n\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"259\" height=\"299\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-279\" style=\"width: 259px;height: 299px\" src=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/648\/liigese_ehitus.png\" title=\"Joonis\u00a0 5. Liigese ehitus\" alt=\"Joonis\u00a0 5. Liigese ehitus\">\n<\/p>\n<h4>\n\t2.6. Mis \u00fclesanded on lihastel?<br>\n<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\n\t\tAitavad sooritada liigutusi.\n\t<\/li>\n<li>\n\t\tAnnavad kehale kuju.\n\t<\/li>\n<li>\n\t\tKaitsevad seespool asuvaid elundeid.\n\t<\/li>\n<li>\n\t\tAitavad s\u00e4ilitada kehatemperatuuri.\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n\t\u00a0\n<\/p>\n<h4>\n\t2.7. Kuidas lihaseid r\u00fchmitatakse?<br>\n<\/h4>\n<p>\n\tTabel\u00a0 3. Inimese lihaste t\u00fc\u00fcbid\n<\/p>\n<table class=\"table table-hover\" border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"5\" cellspacing=\"0\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"col\">\n\t\t\t\t\u00a0\n\t\t\t<\/th>\n<th scope=\"col\">\n\t\t\t\tSkeletilihased\n\t\t\t<\/th>\n<th scope=\"col\">\n\t\t\t\tSilelihased\n\t\t\t<\/th>\n<th scope=\"col\">\n\t\t\t\tS\u00fcdamelihased\n\t\t\t<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n\t\t\t\tMillisest lihaskoest koosnevad?\n\t\t\t<\/td>\n<td>\n\t\t\t\tV\u00f6\u00f6tlihaskude\n\t\t\t<\/td>\n<td>\n\t\t\t\tSilelihaskude\n\t\t\t<\/td>\n<td>\n\t\t\t\tS\u00fcdamelihaskude\n\t\t\t<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n\t\t\t\tAsupaik\u00a0 organismis\n\t\t\t<\/td>\n<td>\n\t\t\t\tSkeleti eri osade luudel, kinnituvad neile k\u00f5\u00f5lustega. T\u00f6\u00f6tavad vastupidi toimivate paaridena: \u00fche lihase kokkut\u00f5mbel teine lihas l\u00f5tvub.\n\t\t\t<\/td>\n<td>\n\t\t\t\tSiseelundite seinad\n\t\t\t<\/td>\n<td>\n\t\t\t\tS\u00fcda\n\t\t\t<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n\t\t\t\tN\u00e4ited lihastest\n\t\t\t<\/td>\n<td>\n\t\t\t\t\u00d5lavarre kakspealihas, deltalihas, kaksiks\u00e4\u00e4remarja lihas, n\u00e4olihased\n\t\t\t<\/td>\n<td>\n\t\t\t\tMao, soolestiku ja veresoonte seinte lihased.\n\t\t\t<\/td>\n<td>\n\t\t\t\tS\u00fcdame kodade ja vatsakeste lihased.\n\t\t\t<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\n\t\u00a0\n<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>\n\t\t<strong>Vaata videot<\/strong>\u00a0\u201cLihastik\u201d\n\t<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\u00a0<\/p><div class=\"ratio ratio-16x9 mb-3\"><div class=\"video-placeholder-wrapper video-placeholder-wrapper--16x9\">\n\t\t\t    <div class=\"video-placeholder d-flex justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t        <div class=\"overlay text-white p-2 w-100 text-center d-block justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t            <div>Kolmandate osapoolte sisu n\u00e4gemiseks palun n\u00f5ustu k\u00fcpsistega.<\/div>\n\t\t\t            <button class=\"btn btn-secondary btn-sm mt-1 consent-change\">Muuda n\u00f5usolekut<\/button>\n\t\t\t        <\/div>\n\t\t\t    <\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\n<\/blockquote>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>3.1.\u00a0Milline on luude koostis ja ehitus? Luud koosnevad: luurakkudest ja rakuvaheainest; mineraalainetest, mis annavad luudele k\u00f5vaduse; orgaanilistest ainetest, mis annavad luudele elastsuse. Luude ehitus Luud katab \u00f5huke\u00a0luu\u00fcmbris,\u00a0mis moodustab uusi luurakke ja \u00fchendab luid \u00fcmbritsevate kudedega. Luu\u00fcmbrise all asub\u00a0plinkollus, mis on &#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":345,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-101","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/biopohikool\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/101","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/biopohikool\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/biopohikool\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/biopohikool\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/345"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/biopohikool\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=101"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/biopohikool\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/101\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":539,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/biopohikool\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/101\/revisions\/539"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/biopohikool\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=101"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}