{"id":19,"date":"2024-04-04T04:36:10","date_gmt":"2024-04-04T01:36:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/andmehaldus\/fair-data\/"},"modified":"2024-04-16T17:05:48","modified_gmt":"2024-04-16T14:05:48","slug":"fair-data","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/andmehaldus\/fair-data\/?lang=en","title":{"rendered":"FAIR Data"},"content":{"rendered":"

\n\tBy FAIR principle data<\/strong> should be findable and accessible on the Internet, interoperable with other computer systems and reusable both for people and computers.\n<\/p>\n

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\n\t\tThe acronym FAIR is derived from the words Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable.\n\t<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

\n\tRegarding the volume of data which is handled today, it is unthinkable that the researcher should solely manually process the data.\n<\/p>\n

\n\tThe FAIR principles are a direct result of the need for an infrastructure, which could support the machine readability of data to facilitate the finding, understanding and sharing of it and, due to this, to increase the transparency and reproducibility of research.\n<\/p>\n

\n\tSharing open research data had been topical already for several years, up to the moment, when it was realised that the effort of researchers and proper data management are still not sufficient for making data reusable for other researchers.\n<\/p>\n

\n\tIn 2014, a group of representatives of different stakeholders started to develop the principles which would ensure the machine readability of data. In 2016, the results of this effort were published as the FAIR principles.\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\"fairdata\"\n<\/p>\n

\n\tThe FAIR data principles source article:\n<\/p>\n

\n\tWilkinson, M.D. et al.,. (2016). The FAIR Guiding Principles for scientific data management and stewardship, Scientific Data 3,\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/sdata.2016.18<\/a>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tThese 15 principles point to the roles of researchers and the supporting infrastructure.\n<\/p>\n

\n\tBelow, you can find a short explanation at each group of principles; a longer discussion will follow later.\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u00a0\n<\/p>\n

\n\tThe FAIR Guiding Principles
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\n\t\u00a0\n<\/p>\n

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\n\t\tTo be Findable:\n\t<\/p>\n

\n\t\tF1. (meta)data are assigned a globally unique and persistent identifier\n\t<\/p>\n

\n\t\tF2. data are described with rich metadata (defined by R1 below)\n\t<\/p>\n

\n\t\tF3. metadata clearly and explicitly include the identifier of the data it describes\n\t<\/p>\n

\n\t\tF4. (meta)data are registered or indexed in a searchable resource\n\t<\/p>\n

\n\t\tF1. (meta)data are assigned a globally unique and persistent identifier\n\t<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

\n\t\u00a0\n<\/p>\n

\n\tFulfilment of the conditions F1-F4 should mostly be ensured by the creators of the data, who have to describe their data by adding as complete set of metadata as possible and getting a DOI for their data set.\n<\/p>\n

\n\tTo learn how to do it, read the chapters Metadata<\/a>, Repositories and DOI<\/a> in your learning materials.\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u00a0\n<\/p>\n

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\n\t\tTo be Accessible:\n\t<\/p>\n

\n\t\tA1. (meta)data are retrievable by their identifier using a standardized communications protocol\n\t<\/p>\n

\n\t\tA1.1 the protocol is open, free, and universally implementable\n\t<\/p>\n

\n\t\tA1.2 the protocol allows for an authentication and authorization procedure, where necessary\n\t<\/p>\n

\n\t\tA2. metadata are accessible, even when the data are no longer available\n\t<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

\n\t\u00a0\n<\/p>\n

\n\tWhile the existence of metadata and DOI are the prerequisites for finding the data, the conditions A1-A2 emphasise that metadata should be standardised. Metadata standards include more general and better known standards, as well as those which are narrowly specific to certain fields. The task of a researcher is to select the most suitable standard for describing their data.\n<\/p>\n

\n\tData processing always uses some kind of software. Data are well accessible if the software used is as universal as possible and free of charge. However, sometimes it is necessary to develop one\u2019s own software for some specific purpose. In this case, software is subject to all the same requirements as data.\n<\/p>\n

\n\tRead the chapter Metadata<\/a> in learning materials.\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u00a0\n<\/p>\n

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\n\t\tTo be Interoperable:\n\t<\/p>\n

\n\t\tI1. (meta)data use a formal, accessible, shared, and broadly applicable language for knowledge representation.\n\t<\/p>\n

\n\t\tI2. (meta)data use vocabularies that follow FAIR principles\n\t<\/p>\n

\n\t\tI3. (meta)data include qualified references to other (meta)data\n\t<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

\n\t\u00a0\n<\/p>\n

\n\tThe machine readability and interoperability of data should be ensured by information systems. It depends on the structure of the database and on which dictionaries, ontologies and taxonomies are used.\n<\/p>\n

\n\tMuch of technical metadata are created automatically by information systems.\n<\/p>\n

\n\tMore about this subject can be found in the chapter Repositories<\/a>.\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u00a0\n<\/p>\n

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\n\t\tTo be Reusable:\n\t<\/p>\n

\n\t\tR1. meta(data) are richly described with a plurality of accurate and relevant attributes\n\t<\/p>\n

\n\t\tR1.1. (meta)data are released with a clear and accessible data usage license\n\t<\/p>\n

\n\t\tR1.2. (meta)data are associated with detailed provenance\n\t<\/p>\n

\n\t\tR1.3. (meta)data meet domain-relevant community standards\n\t<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

\n\t\u00a0\n<\/p>\n

\n\tHaving found the data suitable for reusing in repositories, it is necessary to understand the data and place it into a context in order to evaluate whether it can be used in your own work. Standard metadata and the accompanying documentation can help you in evaluating the origin and completeness of the data.\n<\/p>\n

\n\tIn reusing data, it is important to understand how licences permit the usage of data, and how to cite data in a correct way.\n<\/p>\n

\n\tRead the chapters on documenting, metadata and licences.\n<\/p>\n

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\n\t\tIt is necessary to point out that FAIR data and open data are not synonymous. FAIR data are created in the cooperation of a researcher and e-infrastructure, but only the researcher can decide, based on the content of the data, whether it is open data.\n\t<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

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Kolmandate osapoolte sisu n\u00e4gemiseks palun n\u00f5ustu k\u00fcpsistega.<\/div>\n\t\t\t